Triple

T20585387
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Ivar Fredholm E505771 entity
Predicate hasConceptNamedAfter P3325 FINISHED
Object Fredholm determinant
The Fredholm determinant is a functional-analytic generalization of the classical determinant to certain integral and linear operators, used to study spectra, solvability of integral equations, and connections with random matrix theory and statistical physics.
E1438942 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fredholm determinant | Statement: [Ivar Fredholm, hasConceptNamedAfter, Fredholm determinant]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fredholm determinant
Context triple: [Ivar Fredholm, hasConceptNamedAfter, Fredholm determinant]
  • A. Selberg integral
    The Selberg integral is a fundamental multidimensional generalization of Euler’s beta integral that plays a central role in random matrix theory, combinatorics, and special functions.
  • B. Fredholm operator
    A Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator between Banach (or Hilbert) spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and cokernel and a closed range, characterized by its integer-valued index.
  • C. Fredholm alternative
    The Fredholm alternative is a fundamental result in functional analysis that characterizes when linear equations involving compact or Fredholm operators have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution, in terms of the associated homogeneous problem.
  • D. Fisher–Hartwig conjecture
    The Fisher–Hartwig conjecture is a result in mathematical analysis that predicts the asymptotic behavior of Toeplitz determinants with singular symbols, extending the classical Szegő limit theorem.
  • E. Borg–Marchenko theorem
    The Borg–Marchenko theorem is a fundamental result in inverse spectral theory that characterizes when a potential in a one-dimensional Schrödinger operator is uniquely determined by its spectral data.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fredholm determinant
Triple: [Ivar Fredholm, hasConceptNamedAfter, Fredholm determinant]
Generated description
The Fredholm determinant is a functional-analytic generalization of the classical determinant to certain integral and linear operators, used to study spectra, solvability of integral equations, and connections with random matrix theory and statistical physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fredholm determinant
Target entity description: The Fredholm determinant is a functional-analytic generalization of the classical determinant to certain integral and linear operators, used to study spectra, solvability of integral equations, and connections with random matrix theory and statistical physics.
  • A. Selberg integral
    The Selberg integral is a fundamental multidimensional generalization of Euler’s beta integral that plays a central role in random matrix theory, combinatorics, and special functions.
  • B. Fredholm operator
    A Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator between Banach (or Hilbert) spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and cokernel and a closed range, characterized by its integer-valued index.
  • C. Fredholm alternative
    The Fredholm alternative is a fundamental result in functional analysis that characterizes when linear equations involving compact or Fredholm operators have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution, in terms of the associated homogeneous problem.
  • D. Fisher–Hartwig conjecture
    The Fisher–Hartwig conjecture is a result in mathematical analysis that predicts the asymptotic behavior of Toeplitz determinants with singular symbols, extending the classical Szegő limit theorem.
  • E. Borg–Marchenko theorem
    The Borg–Marchenko theorem is a fundamental result in inverse spectral theory that characterizes when a potential in a one-dimensional Schrödinger operator is uniquely determined by its spectral data.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b4b9669c8190b8e81fc72817d42c completed April 16, 2026, 10:06 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6a976bca4819086a4949e299159b5 completed April 20, 2026, 10:32 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a08aceef59881908b63e33baa53b35f completed May 16, 2026, 5:44 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a08ae401ed481908b6222d572d57b35 completed May 16, 2026, 5:49 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a08aec256988190bc43a1f784a458ec completed May 16, 2026, 5:52 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 11:40 a.m.