Triple
T20585382
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Ivar Fredholm |
E505771
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Fredholm integral equations
Fredholm integral equations are a class of integral equations involving integration over a fixed, finite domain that play a central role in functional analysis, operator theory, and the study of boundary value problems.
|
E1438941
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fredholm integral equations | Statement: [Ivar Fredholm, notableFor, Fredholm integral equations]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fredholm integral equations Context triple: [Ivar Fredholm, notableFor, Fredholm integral equations]
-
A.
Volterra integral equations
Volterra integral equations are a class of integral equations, often used in physics and biology, where the integration limits involve a variable upper bound, modeling systems with memory or hereditary effects.
-
B.
Introduction to the Study of Integral Equations
"Introduction to the Study of Integral Equations" is a foundational mathematical text by Maxime Bôcher that systematically develops the theory and applications of integral equations.
-
C.
Fredholm operator
A Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator between Banach (or Hilbert) spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and cokernel and a closed range, characterized by its integer-valued index.
-
D.
Fredholm alternative
The Fredholm alternative is a fundamental result in functional analysis that characterizes when linear equations involving compact or Fredholm operators have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution, in terms of the associated homogeneous problem.
-
E.
Wiener–Hopf equations
Wiener–Hopf equations are integral equations that arise in problems of filtering, prediction, and diffraction, forming the mathematical foundation for optimal linear filters such as the Wiener filter.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fredholm integral equations Triple: [Ivar Fredholm, notableFor, Fredholm integral equations]
Generated description
Fredholm integral equations are a class of integral equations involving integration over a fixed, finite domain that play a central role in functional analysis, operator theory, and the study of boundary value problems.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fredholm integral equations Target entity description: Fredholm integral equations are a class of integral equations involving integration over a fixed, finite domain that play a central role in functional analysis, operator theory, and the study of boundary value problems.
-
A.
Volterra integral equations
Volterra integral equations are a class of integral equations, often used in physics and biology, where the integration limits involve a variable upper bound, modeling systems with memory or hereditary effects.
-
B.
Introduction to the Study of Integral Equations
"Introduction to the Study of Integral Equations" is a foundational mathematical text by Maxime Bôcher that systematically develops the theory and applications of integral equations.
-
C.
Fredholm operator
A Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator between Banach (or Hilbert) spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and cokernel and a closed range, characterized by its integer-valued index.
-
D.
Fredholm alternative
The Fredholm alternative is a fundamental result in functional analysis that characterizes when linear equations involving compact or Fredholm operators have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solution, in terms of the associated homogeneous problem.
-
E.
Wiener–Hopf equations
Wiener–Hopf equations are integral equations that arise in problems of filtering, prediction, and diffraction, forming the mathematical foundation for optimal linear filters such as the Wiener filter.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69e0b4b9669c8190b8e81fc72817d42c |
completed | April 16, 2026, 10:06 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e6a976bca4819086a4949e299159b5 |
completed | April 20, 2026, 10:32 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a08aceef59881908b63e33baa53b35f |
completed | May 16, 2026, 5:44 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a08ae401ed481908b6222d572d57b35 |
completed | May 16, 2026, 5:49 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a08aec256988190bc43a1f784a458ec |
completed | May 16, 2026, 5:52 p.m. |
Created at: April 16, 2026, 11:40 a.m.