Triple

T20578247
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Blum integer E505280 entity
Predicate usedIn P98 FINISHED
Object Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem
The Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem is a pioneering probabilistic public-key encryption scheme that provides semantic security by encrypting each bit of a message using quadratic residuosity assumptions.
E1438435 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem | Statement: [Blum integer, usedIn, Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem
Context triple: [Blum integer, usedIn, Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem]
  • A. Naor–Yung encryption paradigm
    The Naor–Yung encryption paradigm is a foundational cryptographic framework that uses double encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to transform semantically secure public-key schemes into ones secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks.
  • B. Massey–Omura cryptosystem
    The Massey–Omura cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme based on exponentiation in finite fields that enables secure communication without prior key exchange.
  • C. Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
    The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
  • D. Rabin cryptosystem
    The Rabin cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme based on the hardness of integer factorization, notable for its provable security equivalence to factoring and its similarity to RSA.
  • E. Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function
    The Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function is a foundational cryptographic construction that provides a simple, efficient, and provably secure method for generating pseudorandom outputs from secret keys based on number-theoretic assumptions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem
Triple: [Blum integer, usedIn, Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem]
Generated description
The Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem is a pioneering probabilistic public-key encryption scheme that provides semantic security by encrypting each bit of a message using quadratic residuosity assumptions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem
Target entity description: The Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem is a pioneering probabilistic public-key encryption scheme that provides semantic security by encrypting each bit of a message using quadratic residuosity assumptions.
  • A. Naor–Yung encryption paradigm
    The Naor–Yung encryption paradigm is a foundational cryptographic framework that uses double encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to transform semantically secure public-key schemes into ones secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks.
  • B. Massey–Omura cryptosystem
    The Massey–Omura cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme based on exponentiation in finite fields that enables secure communication without prior key exchange.
  • C. Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem
    The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme designed to be secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks, improving on earlier systems like ElGamal in terms of robustness and security guarantees.
  • D. Rabin cryptosystem
    The Rabin cryptosystem is a public-key encryption scheme based on the hardness of integer factorization, notable for its provable security equivalence to factoring and its similarity to RSA.
  • E. Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function
    The Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function is a foundational cryptographic construction that provides a simple, efficient, and provably secure method for generating pseudorandom outputs from secret keys based on number-theoretic assumptions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b4b721588190993ac7b0a9be2736 completed April 16, 2026, 10:06 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6a90cc22c8190969e3a21ae92f1c9 completed April 20, 2026, 10:30 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a08ace8a1d881908a8b178308c7b202 completed May 16, 2026, 5:44 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a08ad96b2a081908d32e335c5265eec completed May 16, 2026, 5:47 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a08ae19eca08190ada48b48105be62d completed May 16, 2026, 5:49 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 11:39 a.m.