Triple
T19831331
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | IC 348 |
E476466
|
entity |
| Predicate | usedForStudyOf |
P98
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
initial mass function
The initial mass function is a fundamental astrophysical distribution that describes how many stars form at each mass in a given stellar population.
|
E1396458
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: initial mass function | Statement: [IC 348, usedForStudyOf, initial mass function]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: initial mass function Context triple: [IC 348, usedForStudyOf, initial mass function]
-
A.
Salpeter initial mass function
The Salpeter initial mass function is a foundational mathematical description in astrophysics that specifies how many stars of different masses form in a given stellar population, characterized by a power-law distribution favoring low-mass stars.
-
B.
Kroupa initial mass function
The Kroupa initial mass function is a widely used mathematical description of the distribution of stellar masses at birth, refining earlier forms by incorporating a multi-part power-law that better matches observations across low- and high-mass stars.
-
C.
Chabrier initial mass function
The Chabrier initial mass function is a widely used model in astrophysics that describes the distribution of stellar masses at birth, particularly improving the representation of low-mass stars compared to earlier formulations.
-
D.
Population III stars
Population III stars are the hypothesized first generation of stars in the universe, composed almost entirely of primordial hydrogen and helium and responsible for producing the first heavy elements.
-
E.
Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium
Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium is a foundational astrophysics textbook that systematically explains the physics governing gas, dust, radiation, and plasma in the space between stars.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: initial mass function Triple: [IC 348, usedForStudyOf, initial mass function]
Generated description
The initial mass function is a fundamental astrophysical distribution that describes how many stars form at each mass in a given stellar population.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: initial mass function Target entity description: The initial mass function is a fundamental astrophysical distribution that describes how many stars form at each mass in a given stellar population.
-
A.
Salpeter initial mass function
The Salpeter initial mass function is a foundational mathematical description in astrophysics that specifies how many stars of different masses form in a given stellar population, characterized by a power-law distribution favoring low-mass stars.
-
B.
Kroupa initial mass function
The Kroupa initial mass function is a widely used mathematical description of the distribution of stellar masses at birth, refining earlier forms by incorporating a multi-part power-law that better matches observations across low- and high-mass stars.
-
C.
Chabrier initial mass function
The Chabrier initial mass function is a widely used model in astrophysics that describes the distribution of stellar masses at birth, particularly improving the representation of low-mass stars compared to earlier formulations.
-
D.
Population III stars
Population III stars are the hypothesized first generation of stars in the universe, composed almost entirely of primordial hydrogen and helium and responsible for producing the first heavy elements.
-
E.
Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium
Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium is a foundational astrophysics textbook that systematically explains the physics governing gas, dust, radiation, and plasma in the space between stars.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8e51c7c188190b926f3a2a7b5f881 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 11:55 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e656ce68b48190aa25b29d0b6ea021 |
completed | April 20, 2026, 4:39 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a07ccd7da0c8190a101747611ab17ee |
completed | May 16, 2026, 1:48 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a07cd3cc44081909eea344aa5ea2441 |
completed | May 16, 2026, 1:49 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a07cd9bb104819091375260e98d657e |
completed | May 16, 2026, 1:51 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 1:50 p.m.