Triple

T19809273
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hendrik C. van de Hulst E475898 entity
Predicate notableConcept P201 FINISHED
Object van de Hulst multiple scattering theory
Van de Hulst multiple scattering theory is a foundational framework in radiative transfer that rigorously describes how light is repeatedly scattered by particles in media such as planetary atmospheres, interstellar dust clouds, and other turbid environments.
E1395563 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: van de Hulst multiple scattering theory | Statement: [Hendrik C. van de Hulst, notableConcept, van de Hulst multiple scattering theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: van de Hulst multiple scattering theory
Context triple: [Hendrik C. van de Hulst, notableConcept, van de Hulst multiple scattering theory]
  • A. Mie theory
    Mie theory is a comprehensive mathematical framework that describes how electromagnetic waves scatter from spherical particles of any size, extending and generalizing the simpler Rayleigh scattering regime.
  • B. Kirchhoff diffraction theory
    Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
  • C. Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory
    Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory is a more rigorous scalar diffraction formulation that corrects limitations in Kirchhoff’s approach by using boundary conditions consistent with the wave equation.
  • D. Fresnel diffraction theory
    Fresnel diffraction theory is a wave-optics framework that describes how light diffracts when source or observation distances are finite, using near-field approximations derived from the Huygens–Fresnel principle.
  • E. Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere
    "Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: van de Hulst multiple scattering theory
Triple: [Hendrik C. van de Hulst, notableConcept, van de Hulst multiple scattering theory]
Generated description
Van de Hulst multiple scattering theory is a foundational framework in radiative transfer that rigorously describes how light is repeatedly scattered by particles in media such as planetary atmospheres, interstellar dust clouds, and other turbid environments.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: van de Hulst multiple scattering theory
Target entity description: Van de Hulst multiple scattering theory is a foundational framework in radiative transfer that rigorously describes how light is repeatedly scattered by particles in media such as planetary atmospheres, interstellar dust clouds, and other turbid environments.
  • A. Mie theory
    Mie theory is a comprehensive mathematical framework that describes how electromagnetic waves scatter from spherical particles of any size, extending and generalizing the simpler Rayleigh scattering regime.
  • B. Kirchhoff diffraction theory
    Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
  • C. Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory
    Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory is a more rigorous scalar diffraction formulation that corrects limitations in Kirchhoff’s approach by using boundary conditions consistent with the wave equation.
  • D. Fresnel diffraction theory
    Fresnel diffraction theory is a wave-optics framework that describes how light diffracts when source or observation distances are finite, using near-field approximations derived from the Huygens–Fresnel principle.
  • E. Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere
    "Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8e51bc4208190a1c57d8c5d1b15e4 completed April 10, 2026, 11:55 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6542ac1b48190a0cb69dbceca74da completed April 20, 2026, 4:28 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a07c50e7bbc81908808e8e734f6a360 completed May 16, 2026, 1:14 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a07c6c26e708190aeb42569dc5e107c completed May 16, 2026, 1:22 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a07c7549de08190916e3e48125beebb completed May 16, 2026, 1:24 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 1:50 p.m.