Triple

T18956024
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Kummer E463782 entity
Predicate hasEponym P12247 FINISHED
Object Kummer's lemma
Kummer's lemma is a result in algebraic number theory that provides conditions on ideal factorization in cyclotomic fields, particularly relating to divisibility properties of class numbers and units.
E1352087 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kummer's lemma | Statement: [Kummer, hasEponym, Kummer's lemma]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer's lemma
Context triple: [Kummer, hasEponym, Kummer's lemma]
  • A. Kummer's theorem (number theory)
    Kummer's theorem (number theory) is a result that characterizes the highest power of a prime dividing a binomial coefficient by counting the carries that occur when adding the binomial parameters in base that prime.
  • B. Kummer sequence
    The Kummer sequence is a short exact sequence in algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry that relates a ring or scheme to its group of roots of unity and underpins Kummer theory and the study of cyclic extensions.
  • C. Kronecker’s lemma
    Kronecker’s lemma is a result in real analysis and summability theory that links the convergence of series with weighted averages of their partial sums, often used in the study of Fourier series and ergodic theorems.
  • D. Kummer theory
    Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
  • E. Hensel’s lemma
    Hensel’s lemma is a fundamental result in number theory and p-adic analysis that allows one to lift solutions of polynomial congruences modulo a prime power to higher powers, analogous to Newton’s method in the p-adic setting.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kummer's lemma
Triple: [Kummer, hasEponym, Kummer's lemma]
Generated description
Kummer's lemma is a result in algebraic number theory that provides conditions on ideal factorization in cyclotomic fields, particularly relating to divisibility properties of class numbers and units.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer's lemma
Target entity description: Kummer's lemma is a result in algebraic number theory that provides conditions on ideal factorization in cyclotomic fields, particularly relating to divisibility properties of class numbers and units.
  • A. Kummer's theorem (number theory)
    Kummer's theorem (number theory) is a result that characterizes the highest power of a prime dividing a binomial coefficient by counting the carries that occur when adding the binomial parameters in base that prime.
  • B. Kummer sequence
    The Kummer sequence is a short exact sequence in algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry that relates a ring or scheme to its group of roots of unity and underpins Kummer theory and the study of cyclic extensions.
  • C. Kronecker’s lemma
    Kronecker’s lemma is a result in real analysis and summability theory that links the convergence of series with weighted averages of their partial sums, often used in the study of Fourier series and ergodic theorems.
  • D. Kummer theory
    Kummer theory is a branch of algebraic number theory that studies abelian extensions of fields, especially cyclotomic and radical extensions, using properties of roots of unity and ideal class groups.
  • E. Hensel’s lemma
    Hensel’s lemma is a fundamental result in number theory and p-adic analysis that allows one to lift solutions of polynomial congruences modulo a prime power to higher powers, analogous to Newton’s method in the p-adic setting.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8dcffc278819086792a4ebfddfafa completed April 10, 2026, 11:20 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e5d5cdf2d08190a0aecd3fa5335a75 completed April 20, 2026, 7:29 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a05ad32d8848190af1743b43c2e9bd7 completed May 14, 2026, 11:08 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a05add1b9b08190a6338209e0d87cde completed May 14, 2026, 11:11 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a05ae4a50d48190854712dc2323e8d1 completed May 14, 2026, 11:13 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, noon