Triple

T18481906
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject damped Lyman-alpha system E451580 entity
Predicate contrastedWith P278 FINISHED
Object Lyman-limit systems
Lyman-limit systems are quasar absorption-line features characterized by high neutral hydrogen column densities that produce a sharp break at the Lyman limit in the ultraviolet spectrum, but with generally lower column densities than damped Lyman-alpha systems.
E1326073 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lyman-limit systems | Statement: [damped Lyman-alpha system, contrastedWith, Lyman-limit systems]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lyman-limit systems
Context triple: [damped Lyman-alpha system, contrastedWith, Lyman-limit systems]
  • A. damped Lyman-alpha systems
    Damped Lyman-alpha systems are high-column-density neutral hydrogen gas clouds observed in quasar spectra, serving as key probes of the interstellar medium and chemical evolution of galaxies in the early universe.
  • B. Lyman-δ
    Lyman-δ is the fourth spectral line in the Lyman series of hydrogen, corresponding to an electron transition from the n=5 to the n=1 energy level in the ultraviolet region.
  • C. Lyman-β
    Lyman-β is the second spectral line in the hydrogen Lyman series, corresponding to an electron transition from the fourth to the first energy level and emitting ultraviolet radiation.
  • D. Eddington limit
    The Eddington limit is the maximum luminosity a star or accreting object can have before radiation pressure overcomes gravity and drives away its outer layers.
  • E. The Stars of High Luminosity
    The Stars of High Luminosity is a seminal astrophysics monograph by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin that systematically analyzes and classifies very bright stars, helping to shape modern stellar astrophysics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lyman-limit systems
Triple: [damped Lyman-alpha system, contrastedWith, Lyman-limit systems]
Generated description
Lyman-limit systems are quasar absorption-line features characterized by high neutral hydrogen column densities that produce a sharp break at the Lyman limit in the ultraviolet spectrum, but with generally lower column densities than damped Lyman-alpha systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lyman-limit systems
Target entity description: Lyman-limit systems are quasar absorption-line features characterized by high neutral hydrogen column densities that produce a sharp break at the Lyman limit in the ultraviolet spectrum, but with generally lower column densities than damped Lyman-alpha systems.
  • A. damped Lyman-alpha systems
    Damped Lyman-alpha systems are high-column-density neutral hydrogen gas clouds observed in quasar spectra, serving as key probes of the interstellar medium and chemical evolution of galaxies in the early universe.
  • B. Lyman-δ
    Lyman-δ is the fourth spectral line in the Lyman series of hydrogen, corresponding to an electron transition from the n=5 to the n=1 energy level in the ultraviolet region.
  • C. Lyman-β
    Lyman-β is the second spectral line in the hydrogen Lyman series, corresponding to an electron transition from the fourth to the first energy level and emitting ultraviolet radiation.
  • D. Eddington limit
    The Eddington limit is the maximum luminosity a star or accreting object can have before radiation pressure overcomes gravity and drives away its outer layers.
  • E. The Stars of High Luminosity
    The Stars of High Luminosity is a seminal astrophysics monograph by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin that systematically analyzes and classifies very bright stars, helping to shape modern stellar astrophysics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8d38465a0819099b9b42d2a662ac1 completed April 10, 2026, 10:40 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e531d3d13c81909c52d797360b840a completed April 19, 2026, 7:49 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a043f2f64848190808075254008e6e1 completed May 13, 2026, 9:06 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a043fb7db388190bb50cfade4f025f9 completed May 13, 2026, 9:09 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a044063c6048190b65620af8ceed897 completed May 13, 2026, 9:12 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 11:35 a.m.