Triple

T18132447
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject William G. Bowen E434046 entity
Predicate coAuthor P398 FINISHED
Object Matthew M. Chingos
Matthew M. Chingos is an education policy researcher and author known for his work on higher education, college completion, and the economics of education.
E1308793 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Matthew M. Chingos | Statement: [William G. Bowen, coAuthor, Matthew M. Chingos]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Matthew M. Chingos
Context triple: [William G. Bowen, coAuthor, Matthew M. Chingos]
  • A. Lawrence R. Jacobs
    Lawrence R. Jacobs is an American political scientist known for his research on public opinion, democratic governance, and health policy.
  • B. Justin Waldron
    Justin Waldron is an American entrepreneur best known as a co-founder of the social gaming company Zynga.
  • C. Michael S. Barr
    Michael S. Barr is an American legal scholar and policymaker who serves as a key U.S. financial regulator, overseeing banking supervision and financial stability at the Federal Reserve.
  • D. Michael B. Gerrard
    Michael B. Gerrard is an American environmental lawyer and scholar known for his leadership in climate change law and policy.
  • E. Michael W. Watters
    Michael W. Watters is an editor known for his work on the rock opera film "Repo! The Genetic Opera."
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Matthew M. Chingos
Triple: [William G. Bowen, coAuthor, Matthew M. Chingos]
Generated description
Matthew M. Chingos is an education policy researcher and author known for his work on higher education, college completion, and the economics of education.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Matthew M. Chingos
Target entity description: Matthew M. Chingos is an education policy researcher and author known for his work on higher education, college completion, and the economics of education.
  • A. Lawrence R. Jacobs
    Lawrence R. Jacobs is an American political scientist known for his research on public opinion, democratic governance, and health policy.
  • B. Justin Waldron
    Justin Waldron is an American entrepreneur best known as a co-founder of the social gaming company Zynga.
  • C. Michael S. Barr
    Michael S. Barr is an American legal scholar and policymaker who serves as a key U.S. financial regulator, overseeing banking supervision and financial stability at the Federal Reserve.
  • D. Michael B. Gerrard
    Michael B. Gerrard is an American environmental lawyer and scholar known for his leadership in climate change law and policy.
  • E. Michael W. Watters
    Michael W. Watters is an editor known for his work on the rock opera film "Repo! The Genetic Opera."
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8b909e8cc81908df4cc2b8ea6d11f completed April 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e4ddf2c68881909dfbe59df15ddccc completed April 19, 2026, 1:51 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0385489c3c8190b7e20d6c8c75ea16 completed May 12, 2026, 7:53 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a038acaf8f48190b88562c0a1df9109 completed May 12, 2026, 8:17 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a038b4132bc8190992cae1400894fef completed May 12, 2026, 8:19 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:29 a.m.