Triple

T18044379
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Modern portfolio theory E431733 entity
Predicate influenced P9 FINISHED
Object Black–Litterman model
The Black–Litterman model is an asset allocation framework that blends market equilibrium returns with investor views to produce more stable and intuitive portfolio weights than traditional mean-variance optimization.
E1302230 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Black–Litterman model | Statement: [Modern portfolio theory, influenced, Black–Litterman model]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Black–Litterman model
Context triple: [Modern portfolio theory, influenced, Black–Litterman model]
  • A. Markowitz
    Markowitz is a locality in what is now Poland that is historically notable as the birthplace of the classical philologist Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff.
  • B. Fama–French three-factor model
    The Fama–French three-factor model is a widely used asset pricing framework that extends the traditional CAPM by explaining stock returns through market risk, company size, and value factors.
  • C. modern portfolio theory
    Modern portfolio theory is a foundational financial framework that explains how investors can construct diversified portfolios to maximize expected return for a given level of risk using quantitative optimization.
  • D. Black CAPM (zero-beta CAPM)
    Black CAPM (zero-beta CAPM) is an extension of the Capital Asset Pricing Model that allows for asset pricing without a risk-free asset by using a zero-beta portfolio as the benchmark for expected returns.
  • E. Lucas asset pricing model
    The Lucas asset pricing model is a foundational rational expectations framework in macro-finance that explains asset prices through representative-agent intertemporal consumption choices under uncertainty.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Black–Litterman model
Triple: [Modern portfolio theory, influenced, Black–Litterman model]
Generated description
The Black–Litterman model is an asset allocation framework that blends market equilibrium returns with investor views to produce more stable and intuitive portfolio weights than traditional mean-variance optimization.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Black–Litterman model
Target entity description: The Black–Litterman model is an asset allocation framework that blends market equilibrium returns with investor views to produce more stable and intuitive portfolio weights than traditional mean-variance optimization.
  • A. Markowitz
    Markowitz is a locality in what is now Poland that is historically notable as the birthplace of the classical philologist Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff.
  • B. Fama–French three-factor model
    The Fama–French three-factor model is a widely used asset pricing framework that extends the traditional CAPM by explaining stock returns through market risk, company size, and value factors.
  • C. modern portfolio theory
    Modern portfolio theory is a foundational financial framework that explains how investors can construct diversified portfolios to maximize expected return for a given level of risk using quantitative optimization.
  • D. Black CAPM (zero-beta CAPM)
    Black CAPM (zero-beta CAPM) is an extension of the Capital Asset Pricing Model that allows for asset pricing without a risk-free asset by using a zero-beta portfolio as the benchmark for expected returns.
  • E. Lucas asset pricing model
    The Lucas asset pricing model is a foundational rational expectations framework in macro-finance that explains asset prices through representative-agent intertemporal consumption choices under uncertainty.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8b906482481908183315b9ecf9994 completed April 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e4bff13f488190993445769551c9c2 completed April 19, 2026, 11:43 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0349bb99508190ba6b1f8e4ac2b599 completed May 12, 2026, 3:39 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a034b4fd4fc8190bd75aa51a8f3d2d4 completed May 12, 2026, 3:46 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a034bc081d08190aa29065fdaecc5b2 completed May 12, 2026, 3:48 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:25 a.m.