Triple

T18044174
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Fama–French three-factor model E431728 entity
Predicate influenced P9 FINISHED
Object Carhart four-factor model
The Carhart four-factor model is an extension of the Fama–French framework that adds a momentum factor to better explain stock returns and mutual fund performance.
E431728 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Carhart four-factor model | Statement: [Fama–French three-factor model, influenced, Carhart four-factor model]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carhart four-factor model
Context triple: [Fama–French three-factor model, influenced, Carhart four-factor model]
  • A. Wightman framework
    The Wightman framework is a rigorous mathematical formulation of quantum field theory based on a set of axioms that specify the properties of quantum fields and their correlation functions in Minkowski spacetime.
  • B. Fama–French three-factor model
    The Fama–French three-factor model is a widely used asset pricing framework that extends the traditional CAPM by explaining stock returns through market risk, company size, and value factors.
  • C. Tucker model
    The Tucker model is a form of higher-order principal component analysis that decomposes a tensor into a core tensor multiplied by factor matrices along each mode, widely used for multi-way data analysis.
  • D. The Choice of a Model
    The Choice of a Model is a painting by Spanish artist Mariano Fortuny, exemplifying his refined technique and interest in intimate, studio-based scenes.
  • E. Modigliani–Brumberg model
    The Modigliani–Brumberg model is an economic life-cycle theory explaining how individuals plan consumption and saving over their lifetimes to smooth living standards despite changing income.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Carhart four-factor model
Triple: [Fama–French three-factor model, influenced, Carhart four-factor model]
Generated description
The Carhart four-factor model is an extension of the Fama–French framework that adds a momentum factor to better explain stock returns and mutual fund performance.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carhart four-factor model
Target entity description: The Carhart four-factor model is an extension of the Fama–French framework that adds a momentum factor to better explain stock returns and mutual fund performance.
  • A. Wightman framework
    The Wightman framework is a rigorous mathematical formulation of quantum field theory based on a set of axioms that specify the properties of quantum fields and their correlation functions in Minkowski spacetime.
  • B. Fama–French three-factor model chosen
    The Fama–French three-factor model is a widely used asset pricing framework that extends the traditional CAPM by explaining stock returns through market risk, company size, and value factors.
  • C. Tucker model
    The Tucker model is a form of higher-order principal component analysis that decomposes a tensor into a core tensor multiplied by factor matrices along each mode, widely used for multi-way data analysis.
  • D. The Choice of a Model
    The Choice of a Model is a painting by Spanish artist Mariano Fortuny, exemplifying his refined technique and interest in intimate, studio-based scenes.
  • E. Modigliani–Brumberg model
    The Modigliani–Brumberg model is an economic life-cycle theory explaining how individuals plan consumption and saving over their lifetimes to smooth living standards despite changing income.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8b906482481908183315b9ecf9994 completed April 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e4bff13f488190993445769551c9c2 completed April 19, 2026, 11:43 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0349bb99508190ba6b1f8e4ac2b599 completed May 12, 2026, 3:39 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a034b4fd4fc8190bd75aa51a8f3d2d4 completed May 12, 2026, 3:46 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a034bc081d08190aa29065fdaecc5b2 completed May 12, 2026, 3:48 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:25 a.m.