Triple

T17843419
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject David Chaum E445591 entity
Predicate familyName P18 FINISHED
Object Chaum
Chaum is the surname of David Chaum, a pioneering cryptographer known for inventing digital cash and advancing privacy-preserving technologies.
 E1290980 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Chaum | Statement: [David Chaum, familyName, Chaum]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Chaum
Context triple: [David Chaum, familyName, Chaum]
  • A. Borduas
    Borduas is a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada, represented in the National Assembly.
  • B. Boustany
    Boustany is a surname of Lebanese origin notably associated with several prominent political and professional families, particularly in the United States and Lebanon.
  • C. Nesslau
    Nesslau is a municipality in the Toggenburg region of the canton of St. Gallen in northeastern Switzerland, known for its alpine landscape and outdoor recreation.
  • D. Girard
    Girard is a masculine given name and surname of Germanic origin, historically associated with forms like Gerard or Gerhard and borne by various notable figures in European and North American history.
  • E. Belfer
    Belfer is a surname most prominently associated with American businessman and philanthropist Robert A. Belfer.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Chaum
Triple: [David Chaum, familyName, Chaum]
Generated description
Chaum is the surname of David Chaum, a pioneering cryptographer known for inventing digital cash and advancing privacy-preserving technologies.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Chaum
Target entity description: Chaum is the surname of David Chaum, a pioneering cryptographer known for inventing digital cash and advancing privacy-preserving technologies.
  • A. Borduas
    Borduas is a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada, represented in the National Assembly.
  • B. Boustany
    Boustany is a surname of Lebanese origin notably associated with several prominent political and professional families, particularly in the United States and Lebanon.
  • C. Nesslau
    Nesslau is a municipality in the Toggenburg region of the canton of St. Gallen in northeastern Switzerland, known for its alpine landscape and outdoor recreation.
  • D. Girard
    Girard is a masculine given name and surname of Germanic origin, historically associated with forms like Gerard or Gerhard and borne by various notable figures in European and North American history.
  • E. Belfer
    Belfer is a surname most prominently associated with American businessman and philanthropist Robert A. Belfer.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8b9f1a6d881909f024bc603111cdb completed April 10, 2026, 8:50 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e48ff8730881908cc8e1b572fa0af8 completed April 19, 2026, 8:19 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0306feb6608190b90c2a3aaa6c0467 completed May 12, 2026, 10:54 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0307a17a4c81909a0b19b85a2d0adb completed May 12, 2026, 10:57 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a03080d46fc8190890000cfd0ede60e completed May 12, 2026, 10:59 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:16 a.m.