Triple

T10931148
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Charles Augustus Young E258207 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object General Astronomy (textbook)
General Astronomy is a foundational astronomy textbook by Charles Augustus Young that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and observations of the celestial universe.
E893427 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: General Astronomy (textbook) | Statement: [Charles Augustus Young, notableWork, General Astronomy (textbook)]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: General Astronomy (textbook)
Context triple: [Charles Augustus Young, notableWork, General Astronomy (textbook)]
  • A. An Introduction to Practical Astronomy
    "An Introduction to Practical Astronomy" is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Elias Loomis that systematically teaches observational and positional astronomy for students and amateur astronomers.
  • B. Frontiers of Astronomy
    Frontiers of Astronomy is a seminal 1955 popular science book by astrophysicist Fred Hoyle that presents and explains key developments and ideas in modern astronomy and cosmology.
  • C. A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy
    A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Simon Newcomb that systematically presents the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying positional astronomy and celestial mechanics.
  • D. Astronomical Book
    The Astronomical Book is a section of the ancient Jewish apocalyptic work 1 Enoch that presents detailed revelations about the structure of the heavens, the movements of celestial bodies, and the calendar.
  • E. The Physical Universe
    The Physical Universe is a widely used introductory astronomy and astrophysics textbook by Frank H. Shu that provides a rigorous, calculus-based overview of the structure and behavior of the cosmos.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: General Astronomy (textbook)
Triple: [Charles Augustus Young, notableWork, General Astronomy (textbook)]
Generated description
General Astronomy is a foundational astronomy textbook by Charles Augustus Young that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and observations of the celestial universe.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: General Astronomy (textbook)
Target entity description: General Astronomy is a foundational astronomy textbook by Charles Augustus Young that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and observations of the celestial universe.
  • A. An Introduction to Practical Astronomy
    "An Introduction to Practical Astronomy" is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Elias Loomis that systematically teaches observational and positional astronomy for students and amateur astronomers.
  • B. Frontiers of Astronomy
    Frontiers of Astronomy is a seminal 1955 popular science book by astrophysicist Fred Hoyle that presents and explains key developments and ideas in modern astronomy and cosmology.
  • C. A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy
    A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Simon Newcomb that systematically presents the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying positional astronomy and celestial mechanics.
  • D. Astronomical Book
    The Astronomical Book is a section of the ancient Jewish apocalyptic work 1 Enoch that presents detailed revelations about the structure of the heavens, the movements of celestial bodies, and the calendar.
  • E. The Physical Universe
    The Physical Universe is a widely used introductory astronomy and astrophysics textbook by Frank H. Shu that provides a rigorous, calculus-based overview of the structure and behavior of the cosmos.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa8769b4819082bfe5e61b9017f0 completed April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d770a062f481908beb76c6dbaeb6a6 completed April 9, 2026, 9:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e2175711d4819088f93bdf64ba4d3f completed April 17, 2026, 11:19 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e21e54e22881908726f088643edfd2 completed April 17, 2026, 11:49 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e21f1134d0819082fcc735da61d347 completed April 17, 2026, 11:52 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:23 p.m.