Triple

T10483811
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Martin Haspelmath E247239 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Loanwords in the World’s Languages
"Loanwords in the World’s Languages" is a comprehensive linguistic reference work that surveys and analyzes how and why words are borrowed across a wide range of the world’s languages.
E865608 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Loanwords in the World’s Languages | Statement: [Martin Haspelmath, notableWork, Loanwords in the World’s Languages]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Loanwords in the World’s Languages
Context triple: [Martin Haspelmath, notableWork, Loanwords in the World’s Languages]
  • A. Historical Linguistics: An Introduction
    Historical Linguistics: An Introduction is a widely used textbook by Lyle Campbell that provides a comprehensive overview of methods and theories for studying language change over time.
  • B. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach
    Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach is a seminal work that established the ethnography of communication as a central method for studying language use in its social and cultural contexts.
  • C. Foundations of Language
    Foundations of Language is a major theoretical work by linguist Ray Jackendoff that proposes an integrated, cognitive-science-based account of how linguistic structure relates to meaning, perception, and the mind.
  • D. Dimensions of a Creole Continuum
    "Dimensions of a Creole Continuum" is a seminal sociolinguistic study by John R. Rickford that analyzes the range and structure of creole varieties in Guyana to illuminate how social and linguistic factors shape creole continua.
  • E. On the Origin of Language
    On the Origin of Language is a 19th-century work by philologist Hensleigh Wedgwood that explores the origins and development of human speech and linguistic forms.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Loanwords in the World’s Languages
Triple: [Martin Haspelmath, notableWork, Loanwords in the World’s Languages]
Generated description
"Loanwords in the World’s Languages" is a comprehensive linguistic reference work that surveys and analyzes how and why words are borrowed across a wide range of the world’s languages.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Loanwords in the World’s Languages
Target entity description: "Loanwords in the World’s Languages" is a comprehensive linguistic reference work that surveys and analyzes how and why words are borrowed across a wide range of the world’s languages.
  • A. Historical Linguistics: An Introduction
    Historical Linguistics: An Introduction is a widely used textbook by Lyle Campbell that provides a comprehensive overview of methods and theories for studying language change over time.
  • B. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach
    Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach is a seminal work that established the ethnography of communication as a central method for studying language use in its social and cultural contexts.
  • C. Foundations of Language
    Foundations of Language is a major theoretical work by linguist Ray Jackendoff that proposes an integrated, cognitive-science-based account of how linguistic structure relates to meaning, perception, and the mind.
  • D. Dimensions of a Creole Continuum
    "Dimensions of a Creole Continuum" is a seminal sociolinguistic study by John R. Rickford that analyzes the range and structure of creole varieties in Guyana to illuminate how social and linguistic factors shape creole continua.
  • E. On the Origin of Language
    On the Origin of Language is a 19th-century work by philologist Hensleigh Wedgwood that explores the origins and development of human speech and linguistic forms.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d381c309b88190af78aa681cf6a4c2 completed April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d509678ac88190984f18a2162e2dcf completed April 7, 2026, 1:40 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d8a03c647c81909521fee4a66ec8ac completed April 10, 2026, 7:01 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d8a45e5a108190ba8e6ba4af858b19 completed April 10, 2026, 7:18 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d8a890c6b081908e57cc74f18d788b completed April 10, 2026, 7:36 a.m.
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:22 p.m.