thorium
E909377
Norse god
actinide metal
chemical element
fertile nuclear material
radioactive metal
radioisotope
refractory ceramic
Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal and fertile nuclear material considered a potential alternative fuel for advanced nuclear reactors.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| thorium canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11164841 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: thorium Context triple: [actinide series, hasElement, thorium]
-
A.
neptunium
Neptunium is a radioactive, synthetic actinide metal and the first transuranium element, used mainly in nuclear research and reactor applications.
-
B.
Plutonium (Ploutonion)
Plutonium (Ploutonion) is an ancient Greco-Roman religious sanctuary and cave at Hierapolis, believed to be an entrance to the underworld and associated with the god Pluto/Hades.
-
C.
nobelium
Nobelium is a synthetic, highly radioactive actinide element with atomic number 102, named in honor of Alfred Nobel and used primarily for scientific research.
-
D.
uranium-235
Uranium-235 is a fissile isotope of uranium that readily undergoes nuclear fission, making it crucial for both nuclear power generation and atomic weapons.
-
E.
Zirc
Zirc is a small Hungarian town in Veszprém County known for its historic Cistercian Abbey and scenic location in the Bakony Mountains.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: thorium Target entity description: Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal and fertile nuclear material considered a potential alternative fuel for advanced nuclear reactors.
-
A.
neptunium
Neptunium is a radioactive, synthetic actinide metal and the first transuranium element, used mainly in nuclear research and reactor applications.
-
B.
Plutonium (Ploutonion)
Plutonium (Ploutonion) is an ancient Greco-Roman religious sanctuary and cave at Hierapolis, believed to be an entrance to the underworld and associated with the god Pluto/Hades.
-
C.
nobelium
Nobelium is a synthetic, highly radioactive actinide element with atomic number 102, named in honor of Alfred Nobel and used primarily for scientific research.
-
D.
uranium-235
Uranium-235 is a fissile isotope of uranium that readily undergoes nuclear fission, making it crucial for both nuclear power generation and atomic weapons.
-
E.
Zirc
Zirc is a small Hungarian town in Veszprém County known for its historic Cistercian Abbey and scenic location in the Bakony Mountains.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (60)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Norse god
ⓘ
actinide metal ⓘ chemical element ⓘ fertile nuclear material ⓘ radioactive metal ⓘ radioisotope ⓘ refractory ceramic ⓘ |
| advantage |
high natural abundance
ⓘ
lower long-lived transuranic waste production potential ⓘ proliferation resistance relative to uranium-plutonium cycle ⓘ |
| appearance | silvery-white metal ⓘ |
| atomicNumber | 90 ⓘ |
| averageCrustalAbundance | about 10 ppm ⓘ |
| belongsToGroup | actinide series ⓘ |
| block | f-block ⓘ |
| boilingPoint | about 4788 °C ⓘ |
| chemicalFormula | ThO2 ⓘ |
| chemicalSymbol | Th ⓘ |
| commonOxidationState | +4 ⓘ |
| consideredFor |
advanced nuclear reactors
ⓘ
heavy water reactors ⓘ high-temperature gas-cooled reactors ⓘ molten salt reactors ⓘ nuclear fuel cycle ⓘ |
| crystalStructure | face-centered cubic ⓘ |
| decayMode | alpha decay ⓘ |
| decaySeries | thorium series ⓘ |
| densityAtRoomTemperature | about 11.7 g/cm³ ⓘ |
| discoveredBy |
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
ⓘ
linked to:
Jöns Jacob Berzelius
|
| discoveryYear | 1828 ⓘ |
| electronegativityPauling | 1.3 ⓘ |
| fertileTo | uranium-233 ⓘ |
| formsOxide | thorium dioxide ⓘ |
| foundIn | Earth’s crust ⓘ |
| halfLife | about 14.05 billion years ⓘ |
| hazard |
chemical toxicity
ⓘ
radiotoxicity ⓘ |
| massNumber | 232 ⓘ |
| meltingPoint |
1750 °C
ⓘ
about 3390 °C ⓘ |
| moreAbundantThan | uranium ⓘ |
| mostAbundantIsotope | thorium-232 ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Thor ⓘ |
| naturalIsotope | thorium-232 ⓘ |
| neutronCapture | fertile ⓘ |
| occursNaturallyIn |
monazite
ⓘ
thorite ⓘ uraninite ⓘ |
| oxidationState | +4 ⓘ |
| period | 7 ⓘ |
| primaryOxidationStateInCompounds | +4 ⓘ |
| radioactive | true ⓘ |
| regulatoryStatus | controlled radioactive material in most countries ⓘ |
| standardAtomicWeight | 232.0377 ⓘ |
| usedIn |
aerospace alloys
ⓘ
gas mantles ⓘ high-temperature ceramics ⓘ magnesium alloys ⓘ scientific instrumentation ⓘ welding electrodes ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: thorium Description of subject: Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal and fertile nuclear material considered a potential alternative fuel for advanced nuclear reactors.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.