graphene
E858270
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and unique quantum electronic properties.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10340749 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: graphene Context triple: [Landau levels, occurIn, graphene]
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A.
Grafh
Grafh is an American rapper from Queens, New York, known for his gritty lyricism and work in the underground hip-hop scene.
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B.
Carbon
Carbon is a now-deprecated C-based application programming interface (API) for macOS that was designed to help developers port and run classic Mac OS applications on Mac OS X.
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C.
Graphite Black
Graphite Black is a dark, sleek color variant commonly used for electronic devices like smartphones to give them a modern, understated appearance.
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D.
buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical carbon molecule (C₆₀) resembling a soccer ball, notable as the first discovered fullerene and a key form of carbon with unique chemical and physical properties.
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E.
Carbon Black
Carbon Black is a cybersecurity company known for its cloud-native endpoint and workload protection platform that helps organizations prevent, detect, and respond to advanced cyber threats.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: graphene Target entity description: Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and unique quantum electronic properties.
-
A.
Grafh
Grafh is an American rapper from Queens, New York, known for his gritty lyricism and work in the underground hip-hop scene.
-
B.
Carbon
Carbon is a now-deprecated C-based application programming interface (API) for macOS that was designed to help developers port and run classic Mac OS applications on Mac OS X.
-
C.
Graphite Black
Graphite Black is a dark, sleek color variant commonly used for electronic devices like smartphones to give them a modern, understated appearance.
-
D.
buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical carbon molecule (C₆₀) resembling a soccer ball, notable as the first discovered fullerene and a key form of carbon with unique chemical and physical properties.
-
E.
Carbon Black
Carbon Black is a cybersecurity company known for its cloud-native endpoint and workload protection platform that helps organizations prevent, detect, and respond to advanced cyber threats.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (56)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
allotrope of carbon
ⓘ
nanomaterial ⓘ two-dimensional material ⓘ |
| application |
batteries
ⓘ
composite materials ⓘ energy storage devices ⓘ flexible electronics ⓘ high-speed transistors ⓘ sensors ⓘ supercapacitors ⓘ transparent conductive electrodes ⓘ |
| atomicComposition | carbon atoms only ⓘ |
| bandStructure | Dirac cones at K and K' points ⓘ |
| bondAngle | 120 degrees (approximately) ⓘ |
| bondType | sp2 hybridized carbon-carbon bonds ⓘ |
| C-C bond length | about 1.42 Å ⓘ |
| chargeCarrier |
electrons
ⓘ
holes ⓘ |
| chemicalElement | carbon ⓘ |
| density | low areal density ⓘ |
| dimensionality | 2D ⓘ |
| discoveredBy |
Andre Geim
ⓘ
Konstantin Novoselov ⓘ
linked to:
Kostya Novoselov
|
| discovery | isolated and identified in 2004 ⓘ |
| discoveryMethod | mechanical exfoliation of graphite ⓘ |
| electricalProperty |
high carrier mobility
ⓘ
high electrical conductivity ⓘ massless Dirac fermion charge carriers ⓘ zero band gap (semimetal) ⓘ |
| latticeConstant | about 2.46 Å ⓘ |
| mechanicalProperty |
flexible
ⓘ
high Young’s modulus ⓘ very high tensile strength ⓘ |
| nobelLaureate |
Andre Geim
ⓘ
Konstantin Novoselov ⓘ
linked to:
Kostya Novoselov
|
| nobelPrizeRelated | 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded for experiments with graphene ⓘ |
| opticalProperty |
absorbs about 2.3% of visible light per layer
ⓘ
almost transparent ⓘ |
| parentMaterial | graphite ⓘ |
| quantumProperty |
anomalous quantum Hall effect
ⓘ
relativistic-like charge carriers ⓘ |
| relatedMaterial |
carbon nanotube
ⓘ
fullerene ⓘ graphene oxide ⓘ reduced graphene oxide ⓘ |
| stability | thermodynamically stable as part of graphite ⓘ |
| structure |
hexagonal lattice
ⓘ
honeycomb lattice ⓘ single layer of carbon atoms ⓘ |
| symmetry | hexagonal symmetry ⓘ |
| synthesisMethod |
chemical reduction of graphene oxide
ⓘ
chemical vapor deposition ⓘ epitaxial growth on silicon carbide ⓘ liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite ⓘ |
| thermalProperty | very high thermal conductivity ⓘ |
| thickness | one atom thick ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: graphene Description of subject: Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and unique quantum electronic properties.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: graphene