first law of black hole mechanics
E844996
The first law of black hole mechanics relates changes in a black hole’s mass, area, angular momentum, and charge in a way analogous to the first law of thermodynamics, connecting energy conservation with horizon properties.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| first law of black hole mechanics canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10147842 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: first law of black hole mechanics Context triple: [The four laws of black hole mechanics, hasPart, first law of black hole mechanics]
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A.
zeroth law of black hole mechanics
The zeroth law of black hole mechanics states that the surface gravity of a stationary black hole is constant over its event horizon, analogous to the uniform temperature in thermal equilibrium in thermodynamics.
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B.
“The four laws of black hole mechanics”
“The four laws of black hole mechanics” is a foundational 1973 paper in theoretical physics that established the analogy between black hole dynamics and the laws of thermodynamics, laying the groundwork for black hole thermodynamics.
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C.
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is the thermodynamic entropy associated with a black hole, proportional to the area of its event horizon and fundamental in linking gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics.
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D.
black hole no-hair theorem
The black hole no-hair theorem is a principle in general relativity stating that stationary black holes are completely characterized by only a few macroscopic parameters—mass, electric charge, and angular momentum—regardless of the details of the matter that formed them.
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E.
The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes
The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes is a landmark monograph that presents a rigorous, comprehensive treatment of the physics and mathematics underlying black hole solutions in general relativity.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: first law of black hole mechanics Target entity description: The first law of black hole mechanics relates changes in a black hole’s mass, area, angular momentum, and charge in a way analogous to the first law of thermodynamics, connecting energy conservation with horizon properties.
-
A.
zeroth law of black hole mechanics
The zeroth law of black hole mechanics states that the surface gravity of a stationary black hole is constant over its event horizon, analogous to the uniform temperature in thermal equilibrium in thermodynamics.
-
B.
“The four laws of black hole mechanics”
“The four laws of black hole mechanics” is a foundational 1973 paper in theoretical physics that established the analogy between black hole dynamics and the laws of thermodynamics, laying the groundwork for black hole thermodynamics.
-
C.
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is the thermodynamic entropy associated with a black hole, proportional to the area of its event horizon and fundamental in linking gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics.
-
D.
black hole no-hair theorem
The black hole no-hair theorem is a principle in general relativity stating that stationary black holes are completely characterized by only a few macroscopic parameters—mass, electric charge, and angular momentum—regardless of the details of the matter that formed them.
-
E.
The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes
The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes is a landmark monograph that presents a rigorous, comprehensive treatment of the physics and mathematics underlying black hole solutions in general relativity.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
law of black hole mechanics
ⓘ
physical law ⓘ thermodynamic analogy ⓘ |
| analogousTo | first law of thermodynamics ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Kerr black holes
ⓘ
linked to:
Kerr metric
Kerr–Newman black holes ⓘ
linked to:
Kerr–Newman black hole
stationary black holes ⓘ |
| assumes |
existence of a Killing horizon
ⓘ
stationarity of the black hole spacetime ⓘ |
| connects |
conserved charges at infinity
ⓘ
geometric properties of the horizon ⓘ |
| consequenceOf | Einstein field equations under suitable conditions ⓘ |
| equationForm | dM = (κ / 8πG) dA + Ω_H dJ + Φ_H dQ ⓘ |
| expresses | conservation of energy for black holes ⓘ |
| field |
black hole thermodynamics
ⓘ
general relativity ⓘ gravitational physics ⓘ theoretical physics ⓘ |
| historicalContext | formulated in early 1970s ⓘ |
| implies | horizon area behaves like entropy ⓘ |
| inspiredBy | classical thermodynamics ⓘ |
| mathematicalNature | differential relation ⓘ |
| parameter |
electrostatic potential at the horizon Φ_H
ⓘ
horizon angular velocity Ω_H ⓘ surface gravity κ ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
ⓘ
Hawking radiation ⓘ second law of black hole mechanics ⓘ third law of black hole mechanics ⓘ zeroth law of black hole mechanics ⓘ |
| relatesConcept |
black hole angular momentum
ⓘ
black hole electric charge ⓘ black hole horizon area ⓘ black hole mass ⓘ energy conservation ⓘ first law of thermodynamics ⓘ horizon properties ⓘ surface gravity ⓘ |
| relatesQuantity |
change in angular momentum dJ
ⓘ
change in charge dQ ⓘ change in horizon area dA ⓘ change in mass dM ⓘ |
| supports |
interpretation of black hole area as entropy
ⓘ
view of black holes as thermodynamic systems ⓘ |
| usedIn |
AdS/CFT correspondence analyses
ⓘ
black hole thermodynamic derivations ⓘ studies of quantum gravity ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
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Input
Subject: first law of black hole mechanics Description of subject: The first law of black hole mechanics relates changes in a black hole’s mass, area, angular momentum, and charge in a way analogous to the first law of thermodynamics, connecting energy conservation with horizon properties.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
“The four laws of black hole mechanics”