Zurmala stupa
E844904
Zurmala stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument near Termez in southern Uzbekistan, notable as one of Central Asia’s earliest and most significant Buddhist architectural remains.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Zurmala stupa canonical | 2 |
| Rawak Stupa | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10179206 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zurmala stupa Context triple: [Termez, hasArchaeologicalSite, Zurmala stupa]
-
A.
Mirisawetiya Stupa
Mirisawetiya Stupa is an ancient Buddhist dagoba in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, revered as one of the earliest and most significant religious monuments of the island’s early Buddhist civilization.
-
B.
Bhamala Stupa
Bhamala Stupa is an ancient Buddhist archaeological site in Pakistan, notable for its distinctive cruciform stupa and significant Gandharan-era relics.
-
C.
Dhamek Stupa
Dhamek Stupa is a massive 6th-century Buddhist stupa at Sarnath, India, marking the site where Gautama Buddha is believed to have delivered his first sermon.
-
D.
Chaukhandi Stupa
Chaukhandi Stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument at Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh, India, marking the spot where the Buddha is believed to have first met his initial disciples after attaining enlightenment.
-
E.
Butkara Stupa
Butkara Stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument and archaeological site in Pakistan’s Swat Valley, renowned for its early Gandharan art and architecture.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zurmala stupa Target entity description: Zurmala stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument near Termez in southern Uzbekistan, notable as one of Central Asia’s earliest and most significant Buddhist architectural remains.
-
A.
Mirisawetiya Stupa
Mirisawetiya Stupa is an ancient Buddhist dagoba in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, revered as one of the earliest and most significant religious monuments of the island’s early Buddhist civilization.
-
B.
Bhamala Stupa
Bhamala Stupa is an ancient Buddhist archaeological site in Pakistan, notable for its distinctive cruciform stupa and significant Gandharan-era relics.
-
C.
Dhamek Stupa
Dhamek Stupa is a massive 6th-century Buddhist stupa at Sarnath, India, marking the site where Gautama Buddha is believed to have delivered his first sermon.
-
D.
Chaukhandi Stupa
Chaukhandi Stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument at Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh, India, marking the spot where the Buddha is believed to have first met his initial disciples after attaining enlightenment.
-
E.
Butkara Stupa
Butkara Stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument and archaeological site in Pakistan’s Swat Valley, renowned for its early Gandharan art and architecture.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Buddhist stupa
ⓘ
archaeological site ⓘ cultural heritage monument ⓘ |
| architecturalStyle | Buddhist architecture ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Kushan Empire
ⓘ
ancient Termez Buddhist complex ⓘ |
| builtFor | Buddhist monastic community ⓘ |
| builtInCentury |
2nd century CE
ⓘ
3rd century CE ⓘ |
| builtInPeriod |
Kushan period
ⓘ
linked to:
Kushan Empire
|
| constructionTechnique | sun-dried and baked brick masonry ⓘ |
| country | Uzbekistan ⓘ |
| culturalContext | Gandharan-influenced Buddhist culture ⓘ |
| currentCondition | ruin ⓘ |
| currentUse |
archaeological research site
ⓘ
tourist attraction ⓘ |
| diameter | approximately 14 meters ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Russian archaeologists ⓘ |
| elevation | low hill in the Termez plain ⓘ |
| excavatedInCentury | 20th century ⓘ |
| function |
Buddhist religious monument
ⓘ
reliquary structure ⓘ |
| height | approximately 13 meters ⓘ |
| heritage | Buddhist heritage site ⓘ |
| heritageStatus | protected archaeological monument of Uzbekistan ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Central Asia
ⓘ
Surxondaryo Region ⓘ Uzbekistan ⓘ near Termez ⓘ southern Uzbekistan ⓘ |
| material | baked brick ⓘ |
| near |
Amu Darya River
ⓘ
linked to:
Amu Darya
ancient city of Termez ⓘ |
| orientation | roughly aligned with cardinal directions ⓘ |
| partOf |
Buddhist archaeological landscape of Termez
ⓘ
linked to:
Tokharistan Buddhist monasteries
|
| regionImportance |
important evidence of early Buddhism in Uzbekistan
ⓘ
key monument for study of Buddhism in Central Asia ⓘ |
| religion | Buddhism ⓘ |
| researchField |
Buddhist archaeology
ⓘ
Central Asian studies ⓘ Kushan art and architecture ⓘ |
| shape | massive brick tower-like stupa ⓘ |
| significance |
one of Central Asia’s earliest Buddhist architectural remains
ⓘ
one of the most significant Buddhist monuments in Central Asia ⓘ |
| tourism |
visited by domestic tourists
ⓘ
visited by international tourists ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Zurmala stupa Description of subject: Zurmala stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument near Termez in southern Uzbekistan, notable as one of Central Asia’s earliest and most significant Buddhist architectural remains.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Zurmala stupa