Trouton’s rule
E807318
Trouton’s rule is an empirical thermodynamic relationship stating that many non-associated liquids have nearly constant molar entropy of vaporization at their normal boiling points.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Trouton’s rule canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9564565 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Trouton’s rule Context triple: [Frederick Thomas Trouton, knownFor, Trouton’s rule]
-
A.
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
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B.
Eyring equation
The Eyring equation is a fundamental expression in chemical kinetics that relates reaction rates to temperature using transition state theory, providing insight into activation parameters such as enthalpy and entropy.
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C.
Dulong–Petit law
The Dulong–Petit law is an early empirical rule in thermodynamics stating that many solid elements have approximately the same molar heat capacity at high temperatures.
-
D.
Arrhenius equation
The Arrhenius equation is a fundamental formula in physical chemistry that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to temperature through an exponential dependence on activation energy.
-
E.
Gibbs–Duhem equation
The Gibbs–Duhem equation is a fundamental thermodynamic relation that links changes in chemical potential, temperature, and pressure for multicomponent systems, ensuring consistency among intensive variables.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Trouton’s rule Target entity description: Trouton’s rule is an empirical thermodynamic relationship stating that many non-associated liquids have nearly constant molar entropy of vaporization at their normal boiling points.
-
A.
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
-
B.
Eyring equation
The Eyring equation is a fundamental expression in chemical kinetics that relates reaction rates to temperature using transition state theory, providing insight into activation parameters such as enthalpy and entropy.
-
C.
Dulong–Petit law
The Dulong–Petit law is an early empirical rule in thermodynamics stating that many solid elements have approximately the same molar heat capacity at high temperatures.
-
D.
Arrhenius equation
The Arrhenius equation is a fundamental formula in physical chemistry that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to temperature through an exponential dependence on activation energy.
-
E.
Gibbs–Duhem equation
The Gibbs–Duhem equation is a fundamental thermodynamic relation that links changes in chemical potential, temperature, and pressure for multicomponent systems, ensuring consistency among intensive variables.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
empirical thermodynamic rule
ⓘ
thermodynamic relationship ⓘ |
| appliesBestTo |
monatomic liquids like noble gases
ⓘ
simple, non-polar, non-associated organic liquids ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
non-associated liquids
ⓘ
normal boiling point ⓘ |
| approximateValue |
ΔSvap ≈ 21 cal·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ at the normal boiling point
ⓘ
ΔSvap ≈ 85–88 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ at the normal boiling point ⓘ |
| assumes |
liquid and vapor behave nearly ideally at the normal boiling point
ⓘ
no strong specific intermolecular associations in the liquid phase ⓘ |
| category |
empirical correlation in thermodynamics
ⓘ
phase transition rule ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | United Kingdom ⓘ |
| describes | molar entropy of vaporization ⓘ |
| doesNotApplyWellTo |
liquid acetic acid
ⓘ
liquid ammonia ⓘ liquid ethanol ⓘ liquid formic acid ⓘ liquid glycerol ⓘ liquid hydrogen fluoride ⓘ liquid ionic liquids ⓘ liquid metals ⓘ liquid methanol ⓘ strongly hydrogen-bonded liquids ⓘ water ⓘ |
| field |
physical chemistry
ⓘ
thermodynamics ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | late 19th century ⓘ |
| involvesQuantity |
molar entropy
ⓘ
normal boiling temperature ⓘ |
| limitation |
accuracy decreases for highly non-ideal systems
ⓘ
does not account explicitly for association or complex formation in the liquid ⓘ does not account explicitly for molecular structure ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | ΔSvap = ΔHvap / Tb ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Frederick Thomas Trouton ⓘ |
| nature | empirical ⓘ |
| predicts | similar entropy change for vaporization of many simple liquids ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Clausius–Clapeyron equation
ⓘ
linked to:
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
Hildebrand solubility parameter ⓘ Walden’s rule ⓘ enthalpy of vaporization ⓘ entropy of vaporization ⓘ |
| statement | many non-associated liquids have nearly constant molar entropy of vaporization at their normal boiling points ⓘ |
| typicalValueRange | ΔSvap between 80 and 90 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ for many non-associated liquids ⓘ |
| usedFor |
estimating enthalpy of vaporization from boiling point
ⓘ
estimating normal boiling point from enthalpy of vaporization ⓘ |
| usedIn |
chemical engineering design
ⓘ
engineering thermodynamics ⓘ estimation methods for phase equilibria ⓘ |
| validAt | normal boiling point where liquid and vapor are in equilibrium at 1 atm ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Trouton’s rule Description of subject: Trouton’s rule is an empirical thermodynamic relationship stating that many non-associated liquids have nearly constant molar entropy of vaporization at their normal boiling points.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.