Bull "Ad extirpanda"
E77940
Bull "Ad extirpanda" is a 1252 papal decree by Pope Innocent IV that authorized and regulated the use of torture by inquisitors in the persecution of heresy.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bull "Ad extirpanda" canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T622043 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bull "Ad extirpanda" Context triple: [Pope Innocent IV, notableWork, Bull "Ad extirpanda"]
-
A.
De jure praedae
De jure praedae is a seminal early 17th-century legal treatise by Hugo Grotius that laid foundational principles for international law and the freedom of the seas.
-
B.
Buffalo Bull
Buffalo Bull is the official mascot character of the Japanese professional baseball team Orix Buffaloes.
-
C.
Benny the Bull
Benny the Bull is the high-energy, acrobatic mascot of the NBA’s Chicago Bulls, known for his comedic antics and fan engagement during games.
-
D.
Camargue bull
The Camargue bull is a small, hardy black cattle breed native to the wetlands of southern France, traditionally used in local bull games and extensive free-range grazing.
-
E.
Le Blaireau
Le Blaireau is the famous nickname of Bernard Hinault, the legendary French cyclist and multiple Tour de France winner.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bull "Ad extirpanda" Target entity description: Bull "Ad extirpanda" is a 1252 papal decree by Pope Innocent IV that authorized and regulated the use of torture by inquisitors in the persecution of heresy.
-
A.
De jure praedae
De jure praedae is a seminal early 17th-century legal treatise by Hugo Grotius that laid foundational principles for international law and the freedom of the seas.
-
B.
Buffalo Bull
Buffalo Bull is the official mascot character of the Japanese professional baseball team Orix Buffaloes.
-
C.
Benny the Bull
Benny the Bull is the high-energy, acrobatic mascot of the NBA’s Chicago Bulls, known for his comedic antics and fan engagement during games.
-
D.
Camargue bull
The Camargue bull is a small, hardy black cattle breed native to the wetlands of southern France, traditionally used in local bull games and extensive free-range grazing.
-
E.
Le Blaireau
Le Blaireau is the famous nickname of Bernard Hinault, the legendary French cyclist and multiple Tour de France winner.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
papal bull
ⓘ
papal decree ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
inquisitors
ⓘ
secular authorities assisting the Inquisition ⓘ |
| author | Pope Innocent IV ⓘ |
| category |
documents of Pope Innocent IV
ⓘ
documents of the Inquisition ⓘ |
| clarified | limits of ecclesiastical use of torture ⓘ |
| concerns |
coercive measures against heretics
ⓘ
coordination of church and state in persecution of heresy ⓘ |
| dateOfIssue | 1252 ⓘ |
| doctrineType | anti-heresy legislation ⓘ |
| excludes | pregnant women from torture in practice as later interpreted ⓘ |
| followedBy | later papal clarifications on torture and heresy ⓘ |
| hasTitleTranslation | "For the extirpation" ⓘ |
| historicalContext | medieval Inquisition ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | High Middle Ages ⓘ |
| influenced | later inquisitorial practice ⓘ |
| issuedBy |
Holy See
ⓘ
Roman Catholic Church ⓘ
linked to:
Roman Catholicism
|
| jurisdiction | territories under papal authority ⓘ |
| language | Latin ⓘ |
| legalStatus | canon law decree ⓘ |
| legalTradition | Roman-canon inquisitorial procedure ⓘ |
| mandates |
imprisonment of suspected heretics
ⓘ
seizure of goods of condemned heretics ⓘ |
| papacyOfAuthor | Pope Innocent IV ⓘ |
| penaltySpecified |
confiscation of property of convicted heretics
ⓘ
delivery of obstinate heretics to secular arm ⓘ |
| placeOfIssue | Lyon ⓘ |
| procedureRegulated |
cooperation between ecclesiastical and secular powers
ⓘ
interrogation of suspected heretics ⓘ |
| purpose |
to authorize limited use of torture in heresy investigations
ⓘ
to regulate procedures of inquisitors against heretics ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
medieval canon law on heresy
ⓘ
use of judicial torture in Europe ⓘ |
| requires |
city officials to swear to persecute heresy
ⓘ
secular authorities to assist inquisitors ⓘ |
| restrictionOnTorture |
forbade mutilation or danger of death
ⓘ
torture could be applied only once in principle ⓘ torture not to cause loss of life or limb ⓘ |
| states | heretics are to be punished as thieves and robbers of souls ⓘ |
| subject |
Inquisition
ⓘ
heresy ⓘ use of torture ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 13th century ⓘ |
| year | 1252 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bull "Ad extirpanda" Description of subject: Bull "Ad extirpanda" is a 1252 papal decree by Pope Innocent IV that authorized and regulated the use of torture by inquisitors in the persecution of heresy.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.