Offences and Defences
E744192
Offences and Defences is a major work of legal philosophy by John Gardner that offers influential essays on the nature of criminal wrongdoing and the justification of defences in criminal law.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Offences and Defences canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8578389 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Offences and Defences Context triple: [John Gardner (philosopher), notableWork, Offences and Defences]
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A.
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes is an annex to the Rome Statute that precisely defines the legal elements required to establish each crime under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
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B.
Prosecution of Offences Act 1985
The Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 is a key UK statute that established the modern framework for public prosecutions, including the creation and functions of the Crown Prosecution Service and the role of the Director of Public Prosecutions.
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C.
A General View of the Criminal Law of England
A General View of the Criminal Law of England is a 19th-century legal treatise that systematically explains and analyzes the principles and structure of English criminal law.
-
D.
Law of Obligations
The Law of Obligations is a core area of civil law that governs legal relationships arising from contracts, torts, and other sources of duties between private parties.
-
E.
Criminal Section
The Criminal Section is a unit within the U.S. Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division that investigates and prosecutes criminal violations of federal civil rights laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Offences and Defences Target entity description: Offences and Defences is a major work of legal philosophy by John Gardner that offers influential essays on the nature of criminal wrongdoing and the justification of defences in criminal law.
-
A.
Elements of Crimes
Elements of Crimes is an annex to the Rome Statute that precisely defines the legal elements required to establish each crime under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
-
B.
Prosecution of Offences Act 1985
The Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 is a key UK statute that established the modern framework for public prosecutions, including the creation and functions of the Crown Prosecution Service and the role of the Director of Public Prosecutions.
-
C.
A General View of the Criminal Law of England
A General View of the Criminal Law of England is a 19th-century legal treatise that systematically explains and analyzes the principles and structure of English criminal law.
-
D.
Law of Obligations
The Law of Obligations is a core area of civil law that governs legal relationships arising from contracts, torts, and other sources of duties between private parties.
-
E.
Criminal Section
The Criminal Section is a unit within the U.S. Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division that investigates and prosecutes criminal violations of federal civil rights laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (25)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book
ⓘ
work of legal philosophy ⓘ |
| about |
doctrinal structure of criminal law
ⓘ
justification and excuse in criminal law ⓘ moral foundations of criminal liability ⓘ moral foundations of legal defences ⓘ theory of responsibility in criminal law ⓘ |
| author | John Gardner ⓘ |
| contributor | John Gardner ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | United Kingdom ⓘ |
| describedAs |
influential in criminal law theory
ⓘ
major work of legal philosophy ⓘ |
| field |
criminal law
ⓘ
legal philosophy ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
nature of criminal defences
ⓘ
nature of criminal offences ⓘ relationship between wrongdoing and defence ⓘ |
| genre | academic monograph ⓘ |
| hasPart | essay collection ⓘ |
| influencedBy | Anglo-American criminal law theory ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
criminal law defences
ⓘ
criminal wrongdoing ⓘ justification of defences in criminal law ⓘ |
| philosophicalTradition | analytic legal philosophy ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Offences and Defences Description of subject: Offences and Defences is a major work of legal philosophy by John Gardner that offers influential essays on the nature of criminal wrongdoing and the justification of defences in criminal law.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.