R-squared inflation
E730536
R-squared inflation is a cosmological model of the early universe in which a quadratic term in the curvature of spacetime drives a period of accelerated expansion, providing one of the first successful theories of cosmic inflation.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| R-squared inflation canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8396950 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: R-squared inflation Context triple: [Alexei Starobinsky, knownFor, R-squared inflation]
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A.
Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem
The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem is a fundamental result in econometrics that shows how the coefficients of a multiple linear regression can be obtained by first partialling out (regressing out) other explanatory variables.
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B.
Spearman–Brown prophecy formula
The Spearman–Brown prophecy formula is a psychometric equation used to predict how changes in test length will affect the reliability of a measurement instrument.
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C.
Hotelling’s T-squared distribution
Hotelling’s T-squared distribution is a multivariate generalization of Student’s t-distribution used primarily for hypothesis testing and constructing confidence regions for mean vectors in multivariate statistics.
-
D.
Taxidea
Taxidea is a genus of mustelid mammals best known for the American badger, a burrowing carnivore native to North America.
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E.
Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient is a nonparametric statistical measure that assesses the strength and direction of a monotonic relationship between two ranked variables.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: R-squared inflation Target entity description: R-squared inflation is a cosmological model of the early universe in which a quadratic term in the curvature of spacetime drives a period of accelerated expansion, providing one of the first successful theories of cosmic inflation.
-
A.
Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem
The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem is a fundamental result in econometrics that shows how the coefficients of a multiple linear regression can be obtained by first partialling out (regressing out) other explanatory variables.
-
B.
Spearman–Brown prophecy formula
The Spearman–Brown prophecy formula is a psychometric equation used to predict how changes in test length will affect the reliability of a measurement instrument.
-
C.
Hotelling’s T-squared distribution
Hotelling’s T-squared distribution is a multivariate generalization of Student’s t-distribution used primarily for hypothesis testing and constructing confidence regions for mean vectors in multivariate statistics.
-
D.
Taxidea
Taxidea is a genus of mustelid mammals best known for the American badger, a burrowing carnivore native to North America.
-
E.
Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient is a nonparametric statistical measure that assesses the strength and direction of a monotonic relationship between two ranked variables.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cosmological inflation model
ⓘ
early universe model ⓘ theoretical cosmology model ⓘ |
| addresses |
flatness problem
ⓘ
horizon problem ⓘ monopole problem ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Starobinsky inflation
ⓘ
linked to:
Starobinsky R^2 inflation model
|
| assumes | spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric ⓘ |
| basedOn | modification of Einstein–Hilbert action ⓘ |
| belongsTo | ΛCDM plus inflation paradigm ⓘ |
| category | single-field effective inflation model ⓘ |
| compatibleWith |
Planck satellite data
ⓘ
cosmic microwave background observations ⓘ |
| consistentWith | upper bounds on tensor-to-scalar ratio from Planck and BICEP/Keck ⓘ |
| describes | period of accelerated expansion in the early universe ⓘ |
| endsBy | graceful exit via scalaron oscillations ⓘ |
| energyScale | inflation near grand unification scale (order of 10^13 GeV for scalaron mass) ⓘ |
| equivalentTo | single-field slow-roll inflation with scalaron field ⓘ |
| explains | origin of large-scale structure from amplified quantum fluctuations ⓘ |
| feature | inflation driven by gravitational sector rather than matter field ⓘ |
| formulatedIn | 1980 ⓘ |
| framework |
f(R) gravity
ⓘ
modified gravity ⓘ |
| includesTerm |
R^2 term in the gravitational action
ⓘ
quadratic term in the Ricci scalar R ⓘ |
| influenced |
development of f(R) gravity models
ⓘ
subsequent inflationary model building ⓘ |
| introduces | scalaron as effective inflaton ⓘ |
| leadsTo | reheating of the universe after inflation ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | Einstein–Hilbert action plus R^2 correction term ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Alexei Starobinsky ⓘ |
| predicts |
Gaussian primordial perturbations to leading order
ⓘ
low level of primordial gravitational waves ⓘ nearly scale-invariant spectrum of scalar perturbations ⓘ quasi–de Sitter expansion in the early universe ⓘ small tensor-to-scalar ratio ⓘ spectral index slightly less than 1 ⓘ |
| proposedBy | Alexei Starobinsky ⓘ |
| publishedIn | Physics Letters B ⓘ |
| requires | quantum fluctuations of the scalaron field ⓘ |
| roleInCosmology |
one of the first successful inflationary models
ⓘ
prototype of geometrical inflation ⓘ |
| testedBy |
CMB polarization measurements
ⓘ
CMB temperature anisotropy measurements ⓘ |
| uses |
higher-derivative gravity
ⓘ
slow-roll approximation ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: R-squared inflation Description of subject: R-squared inflation is a cosmological model of the early universe in which a quadratic term in the curvature of spacetime drives a period of accelerated expansion, providing one of the first successful theories of cosmic inflation.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.