Aretas IV of Nabatea
E69574
Aretas IV of Nabatea was a powerful early 1st-century CE king of the Nabatean kingdom, centered in Petra, known for his extensive building projects and involvement in regional politics with Judea and Rome.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Aretas IV of Nabatea canonical | 1 |
| King of Nabataea | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T530322 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Aretas IV of Nabatea Context triple: [Herod Antipas, conflict, Aretas IV of Nabatea]
-
A.
Sultan al-Atrash
Sultan al-Atrash was a prominent 20th-century Druze leader and Syrian nationalist revolutionary best known for leading the Great Syrian Revolt against French colonial rule in the 1920s.
-
B.
Xoraxane Roma
Xoraxane Roma are a subgroup of the Romani people traditionally associated with Muslim cultural and religious influences, particularly in the Balkans and parts of Eastern Europe.
-
C.
Herod Agrippa I
Herod Agrippa I was a 1st-century Judean king of the Herodian dynasty, known from both Jewish and early Christian sources for his political maneuvering under Roman rule and his role in New Testament events.
-
D.
Marwan II
Marwan II was the final Umayyad caliph, whose defeat marked the end of Umayyad rule in the Middle East and the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate.
-
E.
Herod the Great
Herod the Great was a Roman-appointed king of Judea known for his extensive building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and for his ruthless consolidation of power.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Aretas IV of Nabatea Target entity description: Aretas IV of Nabatea was a powerful early 1st-century CE king of the Nabatean kingdom, centered in Petra, known for his extensive building projects and involvement in regional politics with Judea and Rome.
-
A.
Sultan al-Atrash
Sultan al-Atrash was a prominent 20th-century Druze leader and Syrian nationalist revolutionary best known for leading the Great Syrian Revolt against French colonial rule in the 1920s.
-
B.
Xoraxane Roma
Xoraxane Roma are a subgroup of the Romani people traditionally associated with Muslim cultural and religious influences, particularly in the Balkans and parts of Eastern Europe.
-
C.
Herod Agrippa I
Herod Agrippa I was a 1st-century Judean king of the Herodian dynasty, known from both Jewish and early Christian sources for his political maneuvering under Roman rule and his role in New Testament events.
-
D.
Marwan II
Marwan II was the final Umayyad caliph, whose defeat marked the end of Umayyad rule in the Middle East and the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate.
-
E.
Herod the Great
Herod the Great was a Roman-appointed king of Judea known for his extensive building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and for his ruthless consolidation of power.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nabataean king
ⓘ
historical figure ⓘ |
| approximateDeathDate | 40 CE ⓘ |
| associatedPeople |
Herod Antipas
ⓘ
Paul the Apostle ⓘ
linked to:
Apostle Paul
Tiberius ⓘ |
| associatedSite | Petra ⓘ |
| capital | Petra ⓘ |
| child |
Malichus II
ⓘ
Phasael ⓘ Shaqilat II ⓘ |
| coinage | issued Nabataean coins bearing his image and titles ⓘ |
| conflict | war with Herod Antipas after the divorce of Aretas’s daughter ⓘ |
| countryRuled |
Nabataean Kingdom
ⓘ
linked to:
Nabataean kingdom
|
| culture |
Nabataean
ⓘ
linked to:
Nabataean kingdom
|
| deathPlace |
Nabataean Kingdom
ⓘ
linked to:
Nabataean kingdom
|
| dynasty | Nabataean royal house ⓘ |
| era |
1st century BCE
ⓘ
1st century CE ⓘ |
| knownFor |
conflict with Herod Antipas
ⓘ
economic prosperity of Nabatea ⓘ extensive building projects ⓘ involvement in Judean politics ⓘ monumental architecture in Petra ⓘ regional diplomacy with Rome ⓘ |
| languageUsed |
Greek
ⓘ
Nabataean Aramaic ⓘ |
| mentionedIn |
2 Corinthians 11:32
ⓘ
linked to:
Second Epistle to the Corinthians
New Testament ⓘ |
| name | Aretas IV ⓘ |
| notableConstruction |
monuments in Petra
ⓘ
tombs and façades in Petra ⓘ |
| policy |
promotion of trade routes through Nabataea
ⓘ
urban development of Petra ⓘ |
| politicalRelation |
client relationship with the Roman Empire
ⓘ
rivalry with Herodian rulers ⓘ |
| predecessor | Obodas III ⓘ |
| region |
Arabia Petraea
ⓘ
Levant ⓘ
linked to:
Levant region
|
| regnalName | Aretas IV Philopatris ⓘ |
| reignEnd | 40 CE ⓘ |
| reignStart | 9 BCE ⓘ |
| religion | Arab polytheism ⓘ |
| spouse |
Huldu
ⓘ
Shaqilat I ⓘ |
| styleOfRule | prosperous and relatively stable reign ⓘ |
| successor | Malichus II ⓘ |
| title |
King of Nabatea
ⓘ
King of the Nabataeans ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Aretas IV of Nabatea Description of subject: Aretas IV of Nabatea was a powerful early 1st-century CE king of the Nabatean kingdom, centered in Petra, known for his extensive building projects and involvement in regional politics with Judea and Rome.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Aretas IV of Nabatea