Battle of the Frigidus in 394
E68108
The Battle of the Frigidus in 394 was a decisive late Roman civil war clash in which Emperor Theodosius I defeated the usurper Eugenius, leading to the brief reunification of the Roman Empire under a single ruler.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of the Frigidus (394) | 1 |
| Battle of the Frigidus in 394 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T543509 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of the Frigidus in 394 Context triple: [Western Roman Empire, notableEvent, Battle of the Frigidus in 394]
-
A.
Battle of Adrianople in 378
The Battle of Adrianople in 378 was a decisive clash in which Gothic forces annihilated a Roman army and killed Emperor Valens, marking a major turning point in the decline of the Roman Empire.
-
B.
Battle of the Milvian Bridge
The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312 CE) was a decisive clash between Constantine and Maxentius near Rome, famous for Constantine’s reported vision that led to his adoption of the Christian symbol and helped pave the way for the Roman Empire’s Christianization.
-
C.
Battle of Carnuntum
The Battle of Carnuntum was a major clash between Roman forces and Germanic tribes during the Marcomannic Wars, fought near the important Roman military and administrative center of Carnuntum on the Danube frontier.
-
D.
Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
-
E.
Marcomannic Wars
The Marcomannic Wars were a series of mid-2nd century conflicts in which the Roman Empire fought Germanic and other tribes along the Danube frontier, severely testing imperial military strength under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of the Frigidus in 394 Target entity description: The Battle of the Frigidus in 394 was a decisive late Roman civil war clash in which Emperor Theodosius I defeated the usurper Eugenius, leading to the brief reunification of the Roman Empire under a single ruler.
-
A.
Battle of Adrianople in 378
The Battle of Adrianople in 378 was a decisive clash in which Gothic forces annihilated a Roman army and killed Emperor Valens, marking a major turning point in the decline of the Roman Empire.
-
B.
Battle of the Milvian Bridge
The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312 CE) was a decisive clash between Constantine and Maxentius near Rome, famous for Constantine’s reported vision that led to his adoption of the Christian symbol and helped pave the way for the Roman Empire’s Christianization.
-
C.
Battle of Carnuntum
The Battle of Carnuntum was a major clash between Roman forces and Germanic tribes during the Marcomannic Wars, fought near the important Roman military and administrative center of Carnuntum on the Danube frontier.
-
D.
Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
-
E.
Marcomannic Wars
The Marcomannic Wars were a series of mid-2nd century conflicts in which the Roman Empire fought Germanic and other tribes along the Danube frontier, severely testing imperial military strength under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Roman civil war battle
ⓘ
battle ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Battle of the Frigidus River
ⓘ
linked to:
Battle of the Frigidus
Battle of the Frigidus in 394 ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Arbogast
ⓘ
Eugenius ⓘ Gothic foederati ⓘ
linked to:
Goths
Theodosius I ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Eastern Roman Empire
ⓘ
linked to:
Byzantine Empire
Western Roman forces of Eugenius ⓘ |
| combatantCommander |
Arbogast
ⓘ
Eugenius ⓘ Theodosius I ⓘ |
| conflictIn | reign of Theodosius I ⓘ |
| consequence |
consolidation of Theodosius I as sole Roman emperor
ⓘ
end of the usurpation of Eugenius ⓘ final major battle between rival Roman emperors in the West and East ⓘ weakening of Western Roman military strength ⓘ |
| date |
394-09-05
ⓘ
394-09-06 ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Theodosius I as sole ruler of East and West
ⓘ
division of the empire between Arcadius and Honorius after Theodosius I’s death ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod |
Late Antiquity
ⓘ
late Roman Empire ⓘ
linked to:
Late Antiquity
|
| locatedInPresentDay | Slovenia ⓘ |
| location |
Eastern Alps
ⓘ
Frigidus River ⓘ Vipava Valley ⓘ
linked to:
Ljubljana Basin
Western Roman Empire ⓘ near Aquileia ⓘ |
| notableFor |
being one of the last great battles of the united Roman Empire
ⓘ
heavy casualties among Gothic federate troops ⓘ use of large numbers of barbarian foederati by Theodosius I ⓘ |
| opponentOf |
Arbogast
ⓘ
Eugenius ⓘ Theodosius I ⓘ |
| partOf | Roman civil wars ⓘ |
| precededBy |
political conflict between Theodosius I and Arbogast
ⓘ
usurpation of Eugenius in the Western Empire ⓘ |
| religiousAspect |
associated with Theodosius I’s pro-Nicene Christian policies
ⓘ
often interpreted as a clash between Nicene Christianity and pagan sympathizers ⓘ |
| result |
decisive victory for Theodosius I
ⓘ
defeat of Eugenius ⓘ reunification of the Roman Empire under Theodosius I ⓘ temporary restoration of a united Roman Empire ⓘ |
| significance |
helped entrench Christianity’s dominance in imperial policy
ⓘ
marked the end of large-scale pagan-backed resistance at the imperial level ⓘ |
| year | 394 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of the Frigidus in 394 Description of subject: The Battle of the Frigidus in 394 was a decisive late Roman civil war clash in which Emperor Theodosius I defeated the usurper Eugenius, leading to the brief reunification of the Roman Empire under a single ruler.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Battle of the Frigidus in 394