Coleman–Glashow mass formula
E674929
The Coleman–Glashow mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts mass differences among members of hadron multiplets by incorporating electromagnetic and symmetry-breaking effects.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Coleman–Glashow mass formula canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7600692 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Coleman–Glashow mass formula Context triple: [Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula, relatedTo, Coleman–Glashow mass formula]
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A.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
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B.
Georgi–Glashow model
The Georgi–Glashow model is a grand unified theory in particle physics that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within an SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
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C.
Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
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D.
Georgi–Glashow SU(5) grand unified theory
The Georgi–Glashow SU(5) grand unified theory is a pioneering particle physics model that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within a single SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
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E.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Coleman–Glashow mass formula Target entity description: The Coleman–Glashow mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts mass differences among members of hadron multiplets by incorporating electromagnetic and symmetry-breaking effects.
-
A.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
-
B.
Georgi–Glashow model
The Georgi–Glashow model is a grand unified theory in particle physics that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within an SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
-
C.
Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
-
D.
Georgi–Glashow SU(5) grand unified theory
The Georgi–Glashow SU(5) grand unified theory is a pioneering particle physics model that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within a single SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
mass relation
ⓘ
physical law ⓘ theoretical physics concept ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
SU(3) flavor multiplets
ⓘ
baryon decuplet ⓘ baryon octet ⓘ hadron multiplets ⓘ |
| approximationLevel | first-order symmetry breaking ⓘ |
| assumes |
perturbative electromagnetic corrections
ⓘ
small SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking ⓘ |
| basedOn |
SU(3) flavor symmetry
ⓘ
linked to:
SU(3)
approximate flavor symmetry ⓘ |
| category | mass formula in particle physics ⓘ |
| concerns |
decuplet baryon mass splittings
ⓘ
octet baryon mass splittings ⓘ |
| context |
hadron spectroscopy
ⓘ
quark model ⓘ |
| describes |
effects of electromagnetic interactions on hadron masses
ⓘ
effects of flavor symmetry breaking on hadron masses ⓘ |
| domain | strong interaction phenomenology ⓘ |
| field |
hadron physics
ⓘ
particle physics ⓘ quantum chromodynamics ⓘ |
| incorporates |
electromagnetic effects
ⓘ
symmetry-breaking effects ⓘ |
| influenced | later studies of hadron mass relations ⓘ |
| involves |
down quark mass
ⓘ
electromagnetic self-energies of hadrons ⓘ strange quark mass ⓘ up quark mass ⓘ |
| language | quantum field theory ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | linear relation among hadron masses ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Sheldon Glashow
ⓘ
Sidney Coleman ⓘ |
| predicts | mass differences among hadrons ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
ⓘ
quark mass differences ⓘ |
| relates | masses of members of the same multiplet ⓘ |
| typeOf | mass sum rule ⓘ |
| usedFor |
estimating hadron mass splittings
ⓘ
testing SU(3) flavor symmetry ⓘ |
| usedIn | phenomenological fits to baryon masses ⓘ |
| uses |
hypercharge
ⓘ
isospin symmetry ⓘ |
| validIn | approximate SU(3) flavor symmetry limit ⓘ |
| yearProposed | 1961 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Coleman–Glashow mass formula Description of subject: The Coleman–Glashow mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts mass differences among members of hadron multiplets by incorporating electromagnetic and symmetry-breaking effects.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.