The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights.
E668438
The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights is the appellate court’s decision in the student free-speech case Morse v. Frederick, concluding that the school’s discipline of a student for displaying a controversial banner was unconstitutional.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights. canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7486354 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights. Context triple: [Morse v. Frederick, lowerCourtHolding, The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights.]
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A.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case that established students do not lose their First Amendment free speech rights at school, so long as their expression does not substantially disrupt the educational environment.
-
B.
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser is a 1986 U.S. Supreme Court case that held public schools may discipline students for lewd or indecent speech, distinguishing such expression from the protected political speech recognized in Tinker.
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C.
Lee v. Weisman
Lee v. Weisman is a 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held clergy-led prayer at public school graduation ceremonies unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.
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D.
Pickering v. Board of Education
Pickering v. Board of Education is a landmark 1968 U.S. Supreme Court case that established First Amendment protections for public employees speaking as private citizens on matters of public concern.
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E.
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier is a 1988 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited student First Amendment rights by allowing public school officials greater authority to regulate school-sponsored student speech, such as in school newspapers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights. Target entity description: The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights is the appellate court’s decision in the student free-speech case Morse v. Frederick, concluding that the school’s discipline of a student for displaying a controversial banner was unconstitutional.
-
A.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case that established students do not lose their First Amendment free speech rights at school, so long as their expression does not substantially disrupt the educational environment.
-
B.
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser is a 1986 U.S. Supreme Court case that held public schools may discipline students for lewd or indecent speech, distinguishing such expression from the protected political speech recognized in Tinker.
-
C.
Lee v. Weisman
Lee v. Weisman is a 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held clergy-led prayer at public school graduation ceremonies unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.
-
D.
Pickering v. Board of Education
Pickering v. Board of Education is a landmark 1968 U.S. Supreme Court case that established First Amendment protections for public employees speaking as private citizens on matters of public concern.
-
E.
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier is a 1988 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited student First Amendment rights by allowing public school officials greater authority to regulate school-sponsored student speech, such as in school newspapers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
appellate court decision
ⓘ
judicial holding ⓘ |
| addresses | limits of school authority over off-campus or near-campus student expression ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Joseph Frederick
ⓘ
Juneau School District ⓘ Juneau-Douglas High School ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
education law ⓘ |
| caseName | Morse v. Frederick ⓘ |
| characterization | unconstitutional restriction of student speech ⓘ |
| characterizesSpeechAs | protected speech ⓘ |
| citationOfAuthority | Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969) ⓘ |
| conclusion | the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights ⓘ |
| context | student speech at a school-sanctioned event ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| court | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ⓘ |
| effect | held school officials liable for violating Frederick's First Amendment rights ⓘ |
| finding |
Frederick's suspension violated the First Amendment
ⓘ
no material and substantial disruption was caused by the banner ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
ⓘ
school discipline ⓘ student free speech ⓘ |
| locationOfEvents |
Juneau, Alaska
ⓘ
linked to:
Juneau
|
| overrules | district court judgment in favor of the school officials ⓘ |
| partOf | Morse v. Frederick ⓘ |
| partyAgainst |
Juneau School Board
ⓘ
Principal Deborah Morse ⓘ
linked to:
Deborah Morse
|
| partyFavored | Joseph Frederick ⓘ |
| proceduralPosture | reversal of summary judgment for defendants ⓘ |
| reasoningIncludes |
Frederick's banner did not advocate illegal drug use in a way that justified suppression
ⓘ
Frederick's banner did not cause substantial disruption ⓘ school officials may not punish student speech absent a showing of substantial disruption or invasion of the rights of others ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Morse v. Frederick, 551 U.S. 393 (2007)
ⓘ
linked to:
Morse v. Frederick
|
| relatesToEvent | display of the 'BONG HiTS 4 JESUS' banner ⓘ |
| relatesToPerson |
Joseph Frederick
ⓘ
Principal Deborah Morse ⓘ
linked to:
Deborah Morse
|
| standardApplied | Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District ⓘ |
| subsequentHistory |
reversed by the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Morse v. Frederick ⓘ |
| topic | scope of student free speech rights under the First Amendment ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights. Description of subject: The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights is the appellate court’s decision in the student free-speech case Morse v. Frederick, concluding that the school’s discipline of a student for displaying a controversial banner was unconstitutional.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Morse v. Frederick
→
lowerCourtHolding
→
The Ninth Circuit held that the school violated Frederick's First Amendment rights.
ⓘ