Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978)

E613634

Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978) is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that held tribal courts lack criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians, significantly limiting Native American sovereignty and self-governance in criminal matters.

All labels observed (2)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (50)

Predicate Object
instanceOf U.S. Supreme Court case ⓘ
federal Indian law case ⓘ
landmark decision ⓘ
areaOfLaw criminal jurisdiction ⓘ
federal Indian law ⓘ
arguedDate 1977-10-04 ⓘ
1977-10-05 ⓘ
characterization judicially created limitation on tribal sovereignty ⓘ
citation 435 U.S. 191 ⓘ
constitutionalBasisDiscussed U.S. Constitution Article I ⓘ
U.S. Constitution Article II ⓘ
U.S. Constitution Article III ⓘ
U.S. Constitution Article VI ⓘ
courtTerm 1977 Term ⓘ
decisionDate 1978-03-06 ⓘ
dissentingJustices Thurgood Marshall ⓘ
William J. Brennan Jr. ⓘ
dissentingOpinionBy Thurgood Marshall ⓘ
geographicScope Indian country in the United States ⓘ
hasJurisdiction Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
holding Criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians in Indian country rests with federal or state authorities unless Congress provides otherwise ⓘ
Tribal courts lack inherent criminal jurisdiction to try and punish non-Indians ⓘ
impact contributed to jurisdictional gaps in Indian country criminal justice ⓘ
limited tribal sovereignty in criminal matters involving non-Indians ⓘ
restricted tribal courts’ authority over non-Indian defendants ⓘ
jurisdictionType appellate ⓘ
legalIssue scope of inherent tribal sovereignty ⓘ
tribal criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians ⓘ
locationOfEvents Port Madison Indian Reservation ⓘ
majorityJustices Byron R. White ⓘ
Harry A. Blackmun ⓘ
John Paul Stevens ⓘ
Lewis F. Powell Jr. ⓘ
Potter Stewart ⓘ
Warren E. Burger ⓘ
William H. Rehnquist ⓘ
majorityOpinionBy William H. Rehnquist ⓘ
originatingCourt Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ⓘ
page 191 ⓘ
petitioner Mark David Oliphant ⓘ
relatedCase Duro v. Reina ⓘ
Montana v. United States ⓘ
United States v. Wheeler ⓘ
relatedLegislation Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 ⓘ
Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 ⓘ
reporter United States Reports ⓘ
respondent Suquamish Indian Tribe ⓘ
linked to: Suquamish Tribe
subsequentDevelopment partially modified by congressional statutes restoring limited tribal criminal jurisdiction over some non-Indians ⓘ
tribeInvolved Suquamish Tribe ⓘ
volume 435 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (2)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Native American sovereignty → historicallyArticulatedIn → Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978) ⓘ
United States federal Indian law and policy → shapedBy → Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe ⓘ
linked to: Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978)