no-cloning theorem
E590888
The no-cloning theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics stating that it is impossible to create an identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| no-cloning theorem canonical | 7 |
| Wootters–Zurek no-cloning theorem | 1 |
| “A single quantum cannot be cloned” | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6397081 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: no-cloning theorem Context triple: [information loss paradox, relatedTo, no-cloning theorem]
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A.
Frauchiger–Renner paradox
The Frauchiger–Renner paradox is a thought experiment in quantum foundations that extends Wigner’s friend scenario to argue that standard quantum theory cannot consistently describe its own use by multiple observers.
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B.
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox
The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox is a thought experiment that challenges the completeness of quantum mechanics by highlighting the strange, nonlocal correlations predicted for entangled particles.
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C.
Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality
The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality is a key formulation of Bell's inequality used in quantum mechanics to test the incompatibility of local hidden variable theories with the predictions of quantum entanglement.
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D.
Clauser–Horne inequality
The Clauser–Horne inequality is a fundamental Bell-type inequality in quantum mechanics used to experimentally test local realism against the predictions of quantum entanglement.
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E.
Pauli exclusion principle
The Pauli exclusion principle is a fundamental quantum rule stating that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously, underpinning the structure of atoms and the behavior of matter.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: no-cloning theorem Target entity description: The no-cloning theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics stating that it is impossible to create an identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state.
-
A.
Frauchiger–Renner paradox
The Frauchiger–Renner paradox is a thought experiment in quantum foundations that extends Wigner’s friend scenario to argue that standard quantum theory cannot consistently describe its own use by multiple observers.
-
B.
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox
The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox is a thought experiment that challenges the completeness of quantum mechanics by highlighting the strange, nonlocal correlations predicted for entangled particles.
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C.
Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality
The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality is a key formulation of Bell's inequality used in quantum mechanics to test the incompatibility of local hidden variable theories with the predictions of quantum entanglement.
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D.
Clauser–Horne inequality
The Clauser–Horne inequality is a fundamental Bell-type inequality in quantum mechanics used to experimentally test local realism against the predictions of quantum entanglement.
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E.
Pauli exclusion principle
The Pauli exclusion principle is a fundamental quantum rule stating that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously, underpinning the structure of atoms and the behavior of matter.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
no-go theorem
ⓘ
theorem in quantum mechanics ⓘ |
| allows | approximate quantum cloning with non-unit fidelity ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
arbitrary unknown quantum states
ⓘ
mixed quantum states ⓘ pure quantum states ⓘ |
| basedOn |
linearity of quantum mechanics
ⓘ
superposition principle ⓘ unitarity of quantum evolution ⓘ |
| concerns |
information-theoretic limits in quantum theory
ⓘ
quantum operations ⓘ quantum states ⓘ |
| constrains |
quantum broadcasting
ⓘ
quantum communication ⓘ quantum cryptography ⓘ quantum error correction ⓘ quantum information processing ⓘ quantum key distribution eavesdropping strategies ⓘ quantum teleportation protocols ⓘ |
| field |
quantum information theory
ⓘ
quantum mechanics ⓘ |
| forbids |
deterministic perfect cloning of arbitrary unknown states
ⓘ
perfect cloning of non-orthogonal quantum states ⓘ |
| hasConsequence |
classical information can be copied but quantum information cannot be perfectly copied
ⓘ
prevents faster-than-light signalling via cloning of entangled states ⓘ prevents perfect amplification of unknown quantum states ⓘ quantum information is fundamentally different from classical information ⓘ unknown quantum states cannot be used as reusable program states ⓘ |
| holdsUnder |
linear quantum evolution
ⓘ
standard postulates of quantum mechanics ⓘ unitary quantum operations ⓘ |
| implies |
universal quantum cloning machine cannot exist
ⓘ
unknown quantum states cannot be perfectly copied ⓘ |
| mathematicallyExpressedAs | no unitary U exists such that U(|ψ⟩|0⟩) = |ψ⟩|ψ⟩ for all |ψ⟩ ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
ⓘ
linked to:
uncertainty principle
no-broadcasting theorem ⓘ no-communication theorem ⓘ no-deleting theorem ⓘ no-hiding theorem ⓘ no-signalling principle ⓘ quantum entanglement ⓘ quantum error-correcting codes ⓘ quantum key distribution ⓘ quantum teleportation ⓘ |
| statedAs | it is impossible to create an identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state ⓘ |
| supports |
impossibility of perfect quantum state discrimination in general
ⓘ
security of quantum key distribution ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: no-cloning theorem Description of subject: The no-cloning theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics stating that it is impossible to create an identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: no-cloning theorem
linked to: no-cloning theorem