Unicode bidirectional algorithm

E564766

Unicode standard component text-processing algorithm

The Unicode bidirectional algorithm is a core text-processing method that determines the correct display order of mixed left-to-right and right-to-left scripts, such as Latin and Arabic, in digital text.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm	5
Unicode bidirectional algorithm canonical	3
Unicode Standard Annex #9 (Bidirectional Algorithm, updated for 6.1)	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6025019 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Unicode bidirectional algorithm
Context triple: [Mark Davis, contributedTo, Unicode bidirectional algorithm]

A. Unicode Technical Standard #35
Unicode Technical Standard #35 is a Unicode Consortium specification that defines the Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) and related mechanisms for internationalization, including formatting of dates, times, numbers, and other locale-sensitive data.
B. Unicode Technical Standard #10
Unicode Technical Standard #10 is the specification that defines the Unicode Collation Algorithm, providing a standardized method for comparing and sorting Unicode text across languages and platforms.
C. Unicode ICU
Unicode ICU (International Components for Unicode) is a widely used open-source library that provides robust, cross-platform support for Unicode text handling, internationalization, and localization in software applications.
D. Unicode Technical Report #29
Unicode Technical Report #29 is the specification that defines how to determine and segment user-perceived text elements (grapheme clusters), words, and sentences in Unicode text.
E. Unicode
Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that assigns unique code points to virtually all written scripts, symbols, and emojis used in modern computing.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Unicode bidirectional algorithm
Target entity description: The Unicode bidirectional algorithm is a core text-processing method that determines the correct display order of mixed left-to-right and right-to-left scripts, such as Latin and Arabic, in digital text.

A. Unicode Technical Standard #35
Unicode Technical Standard #35 is a Unicode Consortium specification that defines the Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) and related mechanisms for internationalization, including formatting of dates, times, numbers, and other locale-sensitive data.
B. Unicode Technical Standard #10
Unicode Technical Standard #10 is the specification that defines the Unicode Collation Algorithm, providing a standardized method for comparing and sorting Unicode text across languages and platforms.
C. Unicode ICU
Unicode ICU (International Components for Unicode) is a widely used open-source library that provides robust, cross-platform support for Unicode text handling, internationalization, and localization in software applications.
D. Unicode Technical Report #29
Unicode Technical Report #29 is the specification that defines how to determine and segment user-perceived text elements (grapheme clusters), words, and sentences in Unicode text.
E. Unicode
Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that assigns unique code points to virtually all written scripts, symbols, and emojis used in modern computing.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (71)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Unicode standard component ⓘ text-processing algorithm ⓘ
appliedBy	operating systems ⓘ rendering libraries ⓘ terminal emulators ⓘ text layout engines ⓘ web browsers ⓘ word processors ⓘ
appliesTo	Unicode plain text ⓘ
definedIn	Unicode Standard Annex #9 ⓘ linked to: Unicode Standard Annexes
defines	bidirectional character types ⓘ embedding levels ⓘ reordering rules ⓘ
ensures	consistent bidirectional behavior across platforms ⓘ correct visual order of mixed-direction text ⓘ
firstIntroducedIn	early versions of the Unicode Standard ⓘ
handlesScriptDirection	left-to-right scripts ⓘ right-to-left scripts ⓘ
hasAbbreviation	UBA ⓘ
hasConcept	explicit embedding ⓘ isolates ⓘ neutral types ⓘ overrides ⓘ paragraph embedding level ⓘ strong types ⓘ weak types ⓘ
hasShortName	UAX #9 ⓘ
inputType	sequence of Unicode code points ⓘ
maintainedBy	Unicode Consortium ⓘ
outputType	visual ordering of characters ⓘ
partOf	Unicode Standard ⓘ
primaryPurpose	determine display order of bidirectional text ⓘ
relatedTo	Unicode line breaking algorithm ⓘ linked to: Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm Unicode normalization algorithm ⓘ linked to: Unicode normalization Unicode text segmentation algorithms ⓘ
supportsScript	Adlam script ⓘ Arabic script ⓘ Hebrew script ⓘ Latin script ⓘ Mandaic script ⓘ N’Ko script ⓘ linked to: N’Ko Syriac script ⓘ Thaana script ⓘ
updatedIn	successive versions of Unicode Standard Annex #9 ⓘ
usedIn	CSS bidirectional layout ⓘ linked to: CSS Logical Properties and Values Module HTML rendering ⓘ PDF text rendering ⓘ instant messaging applications ⓘ rich text editors ⓘ social media platforms ⓘ
usesControlCharacter	FIRST STRONG ISOLATE (FSI) ⓘ LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING (LRE) ⓘ LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE (LRI) ⓘ LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK (LRM) ⓘ LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE (LRO) ⓘ POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING (PDF) ⓘ POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE (PDI) ⓘ RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING (RLE) ⓘ RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE (RLI) ⓘ RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK (RLM) ⓘ RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE (RLO) ⓘ
usesProperty	Bidi_Class ⓘ Bidi_Control ⓘ Bidi_Mirrored ⓘ Bidi_Mirroring_Glyph ⓘ Bidi_Paired_Bracket ⓘ Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type ⓘ Joining_Group ⓘ Joining_Type ⓘ Line_Break ⓘ Script ⓘ

How these facts were elicited