Coconino Sandstone
E562319
Coconino Sandstone is a prominent Permian-age geological formation of well-sorted, cross-bedded sandstone best known from exposures in the Grand Canyon region of the southwestern United States.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Coconino Sandstone canonical | 4 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5991969 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Coconino Sandstone Context triple: [Kaibab Limestone, overlies, Coconino Sandstone]
-
A.
Navajo Sandstone
Navajo Sandstone is a massive, pale to reddish Jurassic-age sandstone formation on the Colorado Plateau, renowned for its sweeping cross-bedded cliffs and iconic desert landscapes.
-
B.
Kaibab Limestone
Kaibab Limestone is a prominent Permian-age sedimentary rock layer that forms the resistant caprock of the Grand Canyon and many other cliffs and plateaus across the Colorado Plateau.
-
C.
Wingate Sandstone
Wingate Sandstone is a prominent Late Triassic sandstone formation of the Colorado Plateau, known for forming towering vertical cliffs and dramatic canyon walls in places like Capitol Reef National Park.
-
D.
Entrada Sandstone
Entrada Sandstone is a Jurassic-age sedimentary rock formation in the U.S. Southwest, renowned for forming the dramatic natural arches and other erosional landforms seen in places like Arches National Park.
-
E.
Lookout Sandstone
Lookout Sandstone is a prominent sedimentary rock formation of the southern Appalachian region, notable for shaping the dramatic cliffs and canyon walls of areas like Little River Canyon.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Coconino Sandstone Target entity description: Coconino Sandstone is a prominent Permian-age geological formation of well-sorted, cross-bedded sandstone best known from exposures in the Grand Canyon region of the southwestern United States.
-
A.
Navajo Sandstone
Navajo Sandstone is a massive, pale to reddish Jurassic-age sandstone formation on the Colorado Plateau, renowned for its sweeping cross-bedded cliffs and iconic desert landscapes.
-
B.
Kaibab Limestone
Kaibab Limestone is a prominent Permian-age sedimentary rock layer that forms the resistant caprock of the Grand Canyon and many other cliffs and plateaus across the Colorado Plateau.
-
C.
Wingate Sandstone
Wingate Sandstone is a prominent Late Triassic sandstone formation of the Colorado Plateau, known for forming towering vertical cliffs and dramatic canyon walls in places like Capitol Reef National Park.
-
D.
Entrada Sandstone
Entrada Sandstone is a Jurassic-age sedimentary rock formation in the U.S. Southwest, renowned for forming the dramatic natural arches and other erosional landforms seen in places like Arches National Park.
-
E.
Lookout Sandstone
Lookout Sandstone is a prominent sedimentary rock formation of the southern Appalachian region, notable for shaping the dramatic cliffs and canyon walls of areas like Little River Canyon.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
geologic formation
ⓘ
sedimentary rock unit ⓘ |
| ageEstimate | approximately 265 million years old ⓘ |
| classification | quartz arenite ⓘ |
| color | light-colored ⓘ |
| contains |
high-angle cross-beds
ⓘ
pinstripe lamination ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| depositionalEnvironment | eolian dune field ⓘ |
| diagenesis | well-cemented quartz arenite ⓘ |
| forms | steep cliffs ⓘ |
| fossilContent |
invertebrate trace fossils
ⓘ
plant trace fossils ⓘ vertebrate trackways ⓘ |
| geologicAge | Permian ⓘ |
| geologicPeriod |
Permian period
ⓘ
linked to:
Permian Period
|
| geologicProvince |
Colorado Plateau Province
ⓘ
linked to:
Colorado Plateau
|
| grainSize | fine- to medium-grained ⓘ |
| importance | key marker bed in Grand Canyon ⓘ |
| lithology | sandstone ⓘ |
| mapUnitSymbol | Pc (in some geologic maps) ⓘ |
| namedFor | Coconino County, Arizona ⓘ |
| notableExposure |
Grand Canyon National Park
ⓘ
New Mexico ⓘ northern Arizona ⓘ southern Utah ⓘ western Colorado ⓘ
linked to:
Western Colorado
|
| overlies | Hermit Formation ⓘ |
| partOf | Colorado Plateau ⓘ |
| partOfStratigraphicColumn | Grand Canyon stratigraphy ⓘ |
| permeability | high ⓘ |
| porosity | high ⓘ |
| primaryComposition | quartz sand ⓘ |
| region | southwestern United States ⓘ |
| researchTopic |
Permian paleoclimate
ⓘ
eolian sedimentology ⓘ paleowind directions ⓘ |
| sedimentaryStructure | large-scale cross-bedding ⓘ |
| stratigraphicSupergroup | Supai Group and related formations of the Grand Canyon region ⓘ |
| stratigraphicUnitOf |
Grand Canyon
ⓘ
linked to:
Grand Canyon National Park
|
| texture | well-sorted ⓘ |
| thickness |
commonly about 90–300 meters in the Grand Canyon area
ⓘ
up to several hundred feet ⓘ |
| underlies | Toroweap Formation ⓘ |
| usedFor | stratigraphic correlation across the Colorado Plateau ⓘ |
| weatheringPattern | massive vertical cliffs ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Coconino Sandstone Description of subject: Coconino Sandstone is a prominent Permian-age geological formation of well-sorted, cross-bedded sandstone best known from exposures in the Grand Canyon region of the southwestern United States.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.