Battle of Cerro de Pasco
E523899
The Battle of Cerro de Pasco was an 1820 engagement in the Peruvian War of Independence in which patriot forces defeated royalist troops in the Andean highlands, helping to weaken Spanish control in the region.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Cerro de Pasco canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5185275 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cerro de Pasco Context triple: [Patriot forces of Peru, notableBattle, Battle of Cerro de Pasco]
-
A.
Battle of Tarqui
The Battle of Tarqui was a decisive 1829 military engagement in the Gran Colombia–Peru War, remembered for securing Gran Colombia’s victory under Antonio José de Sucre and shaping the borders of modern Ecuador.
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B.
Battle of Vilcapugio
The Battle of Vilcapugio was a significant 1813 engagement in the Argentine War of Independence in which royalist forces defeated the Army of the North in Upper Peru (modern Bolivia).
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C.
Battle of Cucha Cucha
The Battle of Cucha Cucha was a military engagement during Chile’s early independence struggles in which patriot and royalist forces clashed amid the broader conflicts of the Patria Vieja period.
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D.
Battle of Bellavista
The Battle of Bellavista was a key engagement during Chile’s independence wars in which patriot forces defeated royalist defenders on Chiloé Island, helping secure Chilean control over the archipelago.
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E.
Battle of Yaguachi
The Battle of Yaguachi was a significant 1821 military engagement in present-day Ecuador in which patriot forces fought Spanish royalists, contributing to the region’s eventual independence from Spanish rule.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cerro de Pasco Target entity description: The Battle of Cerro de Pasco was an 1820 engagement in the Peruvian War of Independence in which patriot forces defeated royalist troops in the Andean highlands, helping to weaken Spanish control in the region.
-
A.
Battle of Tarqui
The Battle of Tarqui was a decisive 1829 military engagement in the Gran Colombia–Peru War, remembered for securing Gran Colombia’s victory under Antonio José de Sucre and shaping the borders of modern Ecuador.
-
B.
Battle of Vilcapugio
The Battle of Vilcapugio was a significant 1813 engagement in the Argentine War of Independence in which royalist forces defeated the Army of the North in Upper Peru (modern Bolivia).
-
C.
Battle of Cucha Cucha
The Battle of Cucha Cucha was a military engagement during Chile’s early independence struggles in which patriot and royalist forces clashed amid the broader conflicts of the Patria Vieja period.
-
D.
Battle of Bellavista
The Battle of Bellavista was a key engagement during Chile’s independence wars in which patriot forces defeated royalist defenders on Chiloé Island, helping secure Chilean control over the archipelago.
-
E.
Battle of Yaguachi
The Battle of Yaguachi was a significant 1821 military engagement in present-day Ecuador in which patriot forces fought Spanish royalists, contributing to the region’s eventual independence from Spanish rule.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
battle
ⓘ
military engagement ⓘ |
| associatedWith | José de San Martín’s liberation campaign in Peru ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Patriot forces
ⓘ
Royalist forces ⓘ |
| campaign | Arenales’ first campaign in the Peruvian highlands ⓘ |
| combatant |
Army of the Andes
ⓘ
Spanish royalist army ⓘ |
| commander |
Diego O’Reilly
ⓘ
Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales ⓘ O’Reilly ⓘ |
| conflict | Peruvian War of Independence ⓘ |
| continent | South America ⓘ |
| controlledAfterBattle | Cerro de Pasco under patriot influence ⓘ |
| country | Viceroyalty of Peru ⓘ |
| date | 1820-12-06 ⓘ |
| effect |
boosted morale of independence forces in Peru
ⓘ
weakened Spanish control in the central Peruvian highlands ⓘ |
| era | early 19th century ⓘ |
| followedBy | further patriot advances in the central highlands ⓘ |
| geographicalContext | central Peruvian Andes ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | Peruvian War of Independence ⓘ |
| languageOfPrimarySources | Spanish ⓘ |
| location |
Cerro de Pasco
ⓘ
Pasco Region ⓘ Peru ⓘ |
| outcome | royalist troops defeated ⓘ |
| partOf |
Latin American wars of independence
ⓘ
linked to:
Latin American independence movements
|
| politicalContext | struggle between Spanish Empire and Peruvian independence movement ⓘ |
| precededBy | landing of José de San Martín’s expedition in Paracas ⓘ |
| primaryOpponents | patriot independence forces vs Spanish royalist troops ⓘ |
| relatedEvent |
Battle of Pasco
ⓘ
Peruvian War of Independence ⓘ |
| result | patriot victory ⓘ |
| sideOfCommander |
Diego O’Reilly – royalist
ⓘ
Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales – patriot ⓘ |
| significance |
contributed to erosion of royalist military presence in Peru
ⓘ
helped secure patriot influence in the Cerro de Pasco mining region ⓘ |
| strengthPatriots | approximately 1,200 men ⓘ |
| strengthRoyalists | approximately 600 men ⓘ |
| theater |
Andean highlands
ⓘ
linked to:
Andean mountains
|
| typeOfWarfare | land battle ⓘ |
| year | 1820 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Cerro de Pasco Description of subject: The Battle of Cerro de Pasco was an 1820 engagement in the Peruvian War of Independence in which patriot forces defeated royalist troops in the Andean highlands, helping to weaken Spanish control in the region.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.