Shroud of Turin
E49825
The Shroud of Turin is a centuries-old linen cloth bearing the faint image of a crucified man that many believe to be Jesus of Nazareth, making it one of the most studied and controversial religious relics in the world.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Shroud of Turin canonical | 19 |
| Holy Shroud | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T395604 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shroud of Turin Context triple: [Joe Nickell, hasWrittenOn, Shroud of Turin]
-
A.
Ark of the Covenant
The Ark of the Covenant is the sacred gold-covered chest described in the Hebrew Bible as containing the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments and symbolizing God's presence with the Israelites.
-
B.
Burial of Jesus
The Burial of Jesus refers to the New Testament account of Jesus’ body being placed in a tomb by Joseph of Arimathea after his crucifixion, an event central to Christian beliefs about his death and resurrection.
-
C.
Cross of Burgundy
The Cross of Burgundy is a historic Spanish emblem featuring a red, ragged diagonal cross, long used by the Habsburgs and other Catholic monarchies as a dynastic and military symbol.
-
D.
Seal of Solomon
The Seal of Solomon is a legendary symbol, often depicted as an interlaced hexagram or pentagram, believed in various traditions to grant King Solomon authority over demons, spirits, and the natural world.
-
E.
Pyrgi Tablets
The Pyrgi Tablets are a set of ancient gold inscriptions from the 5th century BCE bearing parallel texts in Etruscan and Phoenician, making them a key source for understanding the Etruscan language and its cultural contacts.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shroud of Turin Target entity description: The Shroud of Turin is a centuries-old linen cloth bearing the faint image of a crucified man that many believe to be Jesus of Nazareth, making it one of the most studied and controversial religious relics in the world.
-
A.
Ark of the Covenant
The Ark of the Covenant is the sacred gold-covered chest described in the Hebrew Bible as containing the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments and symbolizing God's presence with the Israelites.
-
B.
Burial of Jesus
The Burial of Jesus refers to the New Testament account of Jesus’ body being placed in a tomb by Joseph of Arimathea after his crucifixion, an event central to Christian beliefs about his death and resurrection.
-
C.
Cross of Burgundy
The Cross of Burgundy is a historic Spanish emblem featuring a red, ragged diagonal cross, long used by the Habsburgs and other Catholic monarchies as a dynastic and military symbol.
-
D.
Seal of Solomon
The Seal of Solomon is a legendary symbol, often depicted as an interlaced hexagram or pentagram, believed in various traditions to grant King Solomon authority over demons, spirits, and the natural world.
-
E.
Pyrgi Tablets
The Pyrgi Tablets are a set of ancient gold inscriptions from the 5th century BCE bearing parallel texts in Etruscan and Phoenician, making them a key source for understanding the Etruscan language and its cultural contacts.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (68)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Christian relic
ⓘ
acheiropoieta-associated object ⓘ linen cloth ⓘ religious relic ⓘ |
| associatedFamily | House of Savoy ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Jesus of Nazareth
ⓘ
linked to:
Jesus Christ
|
| color | yellowish linen ⓘ |
| conservationConcern |
environmental contamination
ⓘ
light exposure ⓘ |
| controversy |
authenticity as burial cloth of Jesus
ⓘ
origin of the image ⓘ reliability of 1988 radiocarbon dating ⓘ |
| custodian | Archdiocese of Turin ⓘ |
| damagedBy | 1532 fire in Chambéry ⓘ |
| dateClaimedByTradition | 1st century CE ⓘ |
| dateSuggestedByRadiocarbon | between 1260 and 1390 CE ⓘ |
| firstCertainHistoricalLocation | Lirey, France ⓘ |
| firstCertainHistoricalRecord | mid-14th century ⓘ |
| hasDigitalRepresentation |
3D relief reconstructions
ⓘ
high-resolution photographs ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
apparent crown-of-thorns head wounds
ⓘ
apparent nail wounds in wrists and feet ⓘ apparent spear wound in side ⓘ bloodstain-like markings ⓘ burn marks from fire ⓘ faint sepia-toned image ⓘ patches and repairs ⓘ poker holes ⓘ scourge-like marks on back ⓘ water stains ⓘ wounds consistent with crucifixion ⓘ |
| iconographyInfluence | Christian art of the face of Jesus ⓘ |
| imageDepicts |
crucified man
ⓘ
front and back of a human body ⓘ |
| keptIn | royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist ⓘ |
| legalOwner | Holy See ⓘ |
| length | approximately 4.4 meters ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Italy
ⓘ
Piedmont ⓘ Turin ⓘ |
| location |
Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, Turin
ⓘ
linked to:
Turin Cathedral
|
| majorExamination | 1978 STURP examination ⓘ |
| material | linen ⓘ |
| notableExposition |
2010 public exposition
ⓘ
2015 public exposition ⓘ Jubilee Year 2000 exposition ⓘ |
| orientation | body image aligned lengthwise ⓘ |
| papalVeneration |
Pope Benedict XVI
ⓘ
Pope Francis ⓘ Pope John Paul II ⓘ |
| publicDisplay | occasional public expositions ⓘ |
| radiocarbonDatingLaboratories |
ETH Zurich
ⓘ
Oxford University ⓘ
linked to:
University of Oxford
University of Arizona ⓘ |
| radiocarbonDatingPerformed | 1988 ⓘ |
| religion | Christianity ⓘ |
| repairedBy |
Poor Clare nuns
ⓘ
linked to:
Poor Clares
|
| repairedIn | 1534 ⓘ |
| scientificStudy | Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) ⓘ |
| storedIn | climate-controlled case ⓘ |
| studiedBy |
art historians
ⓘ
forensic experts ⓘ historians ⓘ scientists ⓘ theologians ⓘ |
| transferredToTurin | 1578 ⓘ |
| veneratedBy |
Roman Catholic Church
ⓘ
linked to:
Roman Catholicism
|
| width | approximately 1.1 meters ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Shroud of Turin Description of subject: The Shroud of Turin is a centuries-old linen cloth bearing the faint image of a crucified man that many believe to be Jesus of Nazareth, making it one of the most studied and controversial religious relics in the world.
Referenced by (20)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Shroud of Turin
subject linked to:
royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist
subject linked to:
Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP)
subject linked to:
Lirey, France
subject linked to:
collegiate church of Lirey
subject linked to:
collegiate church of Lirey