Positivism

Target entity: Positivism
Context triple: [Teófilo Braga, movement, Positivism]

• A. Empiricism
  Empiricism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that all or most human knowledge arises from sensory experience rather than innate ideas or pure reason.
• B. logical positivism
  Logical positivism is a 20th-century philosophical movement that emphasizes the verification of statements through empirical observation and logical analysis, rejecting metaphysics as cognitively meaningless.
• C. Rationalism
  Rationalism is a philosophical doctrine that emphasizes reason and logical deduction as the primary sources of knowledge and justification, often in contrast to empiricism’s focus on sensory experience.
• D. Neo-Kantianism
  Neo-Kantianism is a late 19th- and early 20th-century philosophical movement that revived and reinterpreted Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy, emphasizing the role of a priori concepts and the conditions of knowledge in science, ethics, and culture.
• E. pragmatism
  Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition, prominently developed by William James, that evaluates ideas and beliefs primarily by their practical consequences and usefulness in experience.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Positivism
Target entity description: Positivism is a philosophical doctrine that emphasizes empirical science and observable facts as the sole basis for knowledge, rejecting metaphysics and theology.

• A. Empiricism
  Empiricism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that all or most human knowledge arises from sensory experience rather than innate ideas or pure reason.
• B. logical positivism
  Logical positivism is a 20th-century philosophical movement that emphasizes the verification of statements through empirical observation and logical analysis, rejecting metaphysics as cognitively meaningless.
• C. Rationalism
  Rationalism is a philosophical doctrine that emphasizes reason and logical deduction as the primary sources of knowledge and justification, often in contrast to empiricism’s focus on sensory experience.
• D. Neo-Kantianism
  Neo-Kantianism is a late 19th- and early 20th-century philosophical movement that revived and reinterpreted Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy, emphasizing the role of a priori concepts and the conditions of knowledge in science, ethics, and culture.
• E. pragmatism
  Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition, prominently developed by William James, that evaluates ideas and beliefs primarily by their practical consequences and usefulness in experience.
• F. None of above. chosen