Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado
E474597
Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the "one person, one vote" principle to invalidate a Colorado legislative apportionment scheme that had been approved by popular referendum.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4864811 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado Context triple: [Reynolds v. Sims decision, relatedCase, Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado]
-
A.
Colorado Department of State v. Baca
Colorado Department of State v. Baca is a U.S. federal court case addressing whether states can remove or sanction presidential electors who refuse to vote in accordance with their state's popular vote in the Electoral College.
-
B.
Lucas v. Earl
Lucas v. Earl is a landmark 1930 U.S. Supreme Court tax law case that established the principle that income is taxed to the person who earns it, regardless of contractual arrangements to split or assign that income.
-
C.
Wolf v. Colorado
Wolf v. Colorado was a 1949 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Fourth Amendment’s exclusionary rule did not apply to the states, a position later reversed by Mapp v. Ohio.
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D.
Corrigan v. Buckley
Corrigan v. Buckley is a 1926 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the enforceability of racially restrictive covenants in property deeds, paving the way for widespread legalized housing segregation until later overturned in effect by subsequent civil rights rulings.
-
E.
South Dakota v. Dole
South Dakota v. Dole is a 1987 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power to condition federal highway funds on states adopting a minimum drinking age of 21, helping define the scope of the federal spending power.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado Target entity description: Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the "one person, one vote" principle to invalidate a Colorado legislative apportionment scheme that had been approved by popular referendum.
-
A.
Colorado Department of State v. Baca
Colorado Department of State v. Baca is a U.S. federal court case addressing whether states can remove or sanction presidential electors who refuse to vote in accordance with their state's popular vote in the Electoral College.
-
B.
Lucas v. Earl
Lucas v. Earl is a landmark 1930 U.S. Supreme Court tax law case that established the principle that income is taxed to the person who earns it, regardless of contractual arrangements to split or assign that income.
-
C.
Wolf v. Colorado
Wolf v. Colorado was a 1949 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Fourth Amendment’s exclusionary rule did not apply to the states, a position later reversed by Mapp v. Ohio.
-
D.
Corrigan v. Buckley
Corrigan v. Buckley is a 1926 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the enforceability of racially restrictive covenants in property deeds, paving the way for widespread legalized housing segregation until later overturned in effect by subsequent civil rights rulings.
-
E.
South Dakota v. Dole
South Dakota v. Dole is a 1987 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power to condition federal highway funds on states adopting a minimum drinking age of 21, helping define the scope of the federal spending power.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (35)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
U.S. Supreme Court case
ⓘ
court case ⓘ reapportionment case ⓘ voting rights case ⓘ |
| appliedPrinciple | one person, one vote ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
civil rights law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ election law ⓘ |
| challenged | Colorado legislative apportionment scheme approved by referendum ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
linked to:
Equal Protection Clause
|
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| decisionDate | 1964 ⓘ |
| effect |
invalidated Colorado’s existing legislative apportionment plan
ⓘ
strengthened enforcement of one person, one vote in state legislatures ⓘ |
| hasCourt | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| held |
malapportioned state legislatures violate the Equal Protection Clause
ⓘ
popular approval by referendum does not cure an unconstitutional apportionment scheme ⓘ state legislative apportionment schemes must be substantially equal in population ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | Colorado ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
equal protection
ⓘ
legislative apportionment ⓘ voting rights ⓘ |
| legalPrinciple | one person, one vote ⓘ |
| locationOfDispute |
State of Colorado
ⓘ
linked to:
Colorado
|
| party |
Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado
ⓘ
linked to:
Colorado General Assembly
Lucas ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Baker v. Carr
ⓘ
Gray v. Sanders ⓘ Reynolds v. Sims ⓘ
linked to:
Reynolds v. Sims decision
Wesberry v. Sanders ⓘ |
| subjectOf | Colorado legislative apportionment plan ⓘ |
| timePeriod | Warren Court era ⓘ |
| topic |
malapportionment
ⓘ
popular referendum and constitutional rights ⓘ representation in state legislatures ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado Description of subject: Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the "one person, one vote" principle to invalidate a Colorado legislative apportionment scheme that had been approved by popular referendum.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.