Sopron plebiscite of 1921
E428544
The Sopron plebiscite of 1921 was a post–World War I referendum in which the population of Sopron and surrounding villages voted to remain part of Hungary rather than join Austria, earning the city the title “Civitas Fidelissima” (“The Most Loyal City”).
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Sopron plebiscite of 1921 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4300223 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sopron plebiscite of 1921 Context triple: [Sopron, historicalEvent, Sopron plebiscite of 1921]
-
A.
Upper Silesia plebiscite
The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a 1921 referendum in the ethnically mixed industrial region of Upper Silesia to determine whether the territory would belong to Germany or the newly re-established Poland after World War I.
-
B.
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the 1920 peace agreement that formally ended World War I between the Allies and Hungary, drastically reducing Hungary’s territory and population and reshaping the map of Central and Eastern Europe.
-
C.
Revolution of 1848 in Hungary
The Revolution of 1848 in Hungary was a major nationalist and liberal uprising against Habsburg rule that sought Hungarian independence, constitutional government, and civil rights as part of the broader European revolutions of 1848.
-
D.
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was a 1938 territorial arbitration imposed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy that forced Czechoslovakia to cede southern Slovak and Carpatho-Ukraine regions to Hungary.
-
E.
Second Vienna Award
The Second Vienna Award was a 1940 German- and Italian-arbitrated territorial decision that forced Romania to cede Northern Transylvania to Hungary during World War II.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sopron plebiscite of 1921 Target entity description: The Sopron plebiscite of 1921 was a post–World War I referendum in which the population of Sopron and surrounding villages voted to remain part of Hungary rather than join Austria, earning the city the title “Civitas Fidelissima” (“The Most Loyal City”).
-
A.
Upper Silesia plebiscite
The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a 1921 referendum in the ethnically mixed industrial region of Upper Silesia to determine whether the territory would belong to Germany or the newly re-established Poland after World War I.
-
B.
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the 1920 peace agreement that formally ended World War I between the Allies and Hungary, drastically reducing Hungary’s territory and population and reshaping the map of Central and Eastern Europe.
-
C.
Revolution of 1848 in Hungary
The Revolution of 1848 in Hungary was a major nationalist and liberal uprising against Habsburg rule that sought Hungarian independence, constitutional government, and civil rights as part of the broader European revolutions of 1848.
-
D.
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was a 1938 territorial arbitration imposed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy that forced Czechoslovakia to cede southern Slovak and Carpatho-Ukraine regions to Hungary.
-
E.
Second Vienna Award
The Second Vienna Award was a 1940 German- and Italian-arbitrated territorial decision that forced Romania to cede Northern Transylvania to Hungary during World War II.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical event
ⓘ
plebiscite ⓘ referendum ⓘ |
| aftermathHonor |
Sopron received the title "Civitas Fidelissima"
ⓘ
linked to:
Sopron
|
| category |
1921 in Europe
ⓘ
Austria–Hungary relations ⓘ Elections in Hungary ⓘ Referendums related to territorial disputes ⓘ |
| conflictContext | post–World War I territorial settlement ⓘ |
| countryInvolved |
Austria
ⓘ
Hungary ⓘ |
| followedBy | international recognition of Sopron as part of Hungary ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | one of the few post–World War I border plebiscites where Hungary retained territory ⓘ |
| honorMeaning | "Civitas Fidelissima" means "The Most Loyal City" ⓘ |
| issue | whether Sopron and nearby settlements should belong to Hungary or Austria ⓘ |
| languageOfCampaigning |
German
ⓘ
Hungarian ⓘ |
| locatedInPresentDay |
Austria–Hungary border region
ⓘ
Hungary ⓘ |
| location |
Burgenland border region
ⓘ
Sopron ⓘ Sopron district ⓘ
linked to:
Gyor-Moson-Sopron County
Western Hungary ⓘ
linked to:
Western Transdanubia
|
| partOf | post–World War I border plebiscites in Europe ⓘ |
| politicalContext |
dissolution of Austria-Hungary
ⓘ
redrawing of Central European borders after World War I ⓘ |
| precededBy | occupation of parts of Western Hungary by Austrian forces ⓘ |
| reasonForHonor | loyalty to remaining in Hungary ⓘ |
| relatedConflict | Western Hungary Uprising ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Hungarian–Austrian border dispute after World War I
ⓘ
creation of the Austrian state of Burgenland ⓘ |
| result |
Sopron remained part of Hungary
ⓘ
surrounding villages mostly remained part of Hungary ⓘ |
| resultForAustria | loss of claim to Sopron city ⓘ |
| resultForHungary | retention of Sopron ⓘ |
| supervisingParties |
Austrian authorities
ⓘ
linked to:
Austrian federal government
Hungarian authorities ⓘ international observers ⓘ |
| timePeriod | December 1921 ⓘ |
| treatyContext |
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
ⓘ
Treaty of Trianon ⓘ |
| voteType | territorial referendum ⓘ |
| votingPopulation |
inhabitants of Sopron
ⓘ
inhabitants of surrounding villages ⓘ |
| year | 1921 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Sopron plebiscite of 1921 Description of subject: The Sopron plebiscite of 1921 was a post–World War I referendum in which the population of Sopron and surrounding villages voted to remain part of Hungary rather than join Austria, earning the city the title “Civitas Fidelissima” (“The Most Loyal City”).
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.