Book II
E427103
Book II of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics is the section in which he develops his influential account of moral virtue as a habit formed through practice and the doctrine of the mean between extremes.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Book II canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4270170 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Book II Context triple: [Nicomachean Ethics, dividedInto, Book II]
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A.
Book II
Book II is a major section of John Stuart Mill’s "Principles of Political Economy" that develops key arguments about production, distribution, and the functioning of economic systems.
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B.
Book II
Book II is the second major section of Francis Bacon’s philosophical work *The Advancement of Learning*, where he systematically analyzes and classifies the branches of human knowledge.
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C.
Book II
Book II is a component or section of the Power Architecture specification that defines part of the architecture’s structure and behavior.
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D.
Book II
Book II is the second major section of Hugo Grotius’s foundational work "De iure belli ac pacis," in which he systematically develops his theory of natural law and its application to war and peace.
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E.
Book II
Book II is a section of John Gower’s Middle English poem *Vox Clamantis*, contributing to its broader moral and political commentary on 14th-century English society.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Book II Target entity description: Book II of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics is the section in which he develops his influential account of moral virtue as a habit formed through practice and the doctrine of the mean between extremes.
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A.
Book II
Book II is a major section of John Stuart Mill’s "Principles of Political Economy" that develops key arguments about production, distribution, and the functioning of economic systems.
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B.
Book II
Book II is the section of Newton’s *Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica* that develops the mechanics of motion in resisting media, laying groundwork for fluid dynamics and the study of drag and resistance.
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C.
Book II
Book II is the section of John Locke’s "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" in which he develops his influential theory that all human ideas originate from experience, particularly through sensation and reflection.
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D.
Book II
Book II is the second section of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s educational treatise *Emile, or On Education*, focusing on the development and upbringing of early childhood.
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E.
Book II
Book II is a section of Nicolaus Copernicus’s seminal work *De revolutionibus orbium coelestium* that develops the mathematical foundations and geometric methods underlying his heliocentric model.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book section
ⓘ
philosophical text ⓘ |
| argues |
virtue involves choice and lies in a mean determined by reason
ⓘ
virtue is concerned with pleasures and pains ⓘ virtue is neither a passion nor a faculty but a state (hexis) ⓘ |
| author | Aristotle ⓘ |
| centralConcept |
ethismos (habituation)
ⓘ
hexis (stable disposition) ⓘ mesotēs (the mean) ⓘ |
| defines |
excess and deficiency in feelings and actions
ⓘ
mean relative to us ⓘ moral virtue as a habit (hexis) of choosing the mean ⓘ |
| developsConcept |
distinction between virtuous, continent, and incontinent tendencies (in outline)
ⓘ
role of pleasure and pain in virtue ⓘ virtue as a mean between extremes ⓘ virtue as a state concerned with choice ⓘ virtue as acquired by habituation ⓘ |
| emphasizes |
importance of habituation in moral development
ⓘ
need for guidance from a phronimos (practically wise person) ⓘ role of upbringing and law in forming character ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Book III (Nicomachean Ethics)
ⓘ
linked to:
Nicomachean Ethics
|
| follows |
Book I (Nicomachean Ethics)
ⓘ
linked to:
Nicomachean Ethics
|
| genre | ethical treatise ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | 4th century BCE ⓘ |
| includesExample |
courage as a mean between rashness and cowardice
ⓘ
generosity as a mean between prodigality and meanness ⓘ proper pride as a mean between vanity and undue humility ⓘ temperance as a mean regarding bodily pleasures ⓘ |
| influenced |
later virtue ethics traditions
ⓘ
medieval Christian moral philosophy ⓘ modern virtue ethicists ⓘ |
| language | Ancient Greek ⓘ |
| lists | actions without a mean such as adultery, theft, and murder ⓘ |
| locatedInWork |
Books I–X of the Nicomachean Ethics
ⓘ
linked to:
Nicomachean Ethics
|
| mainTopic |
doctrine of the mean
ⓘ
linked to:
Nicomachean Ethics
ethical character ⓘ habit ⓘ moral education ⓘ moral virtue ⓘ practical ethics ⓘ |
| notes | not every action or passion admits of a mean ⓘ |
| partOf | Nicomachean Ethics ⓘ |
| philosophicalSchool | Peripatetic school ⓘ |
| positionInSeries | 2 ⓘ |
| states |
we become brave by doing brave actions
ⓘ
we become just by doing just actions ⓘ we become temperate by doing temperate actions ⓘ |
| workContext | Aristotle’s ethical and political philosophy ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Book II Description of subject: Book II of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics is the section in which he develops his influential account of moral virtue as a habit formed through practice and the doctrine of the mean between extremes.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.