Stone v. Graham
E425630
Establishment Clause case
First Amendment case
U.S. constitutional law case
United States Supreme Court case
Stone v. Graham is a 1980 U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Burger Court struck down a Kentucky law requiring the posting of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms as a violation of the Establishment Clause.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Stone v. Graham canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4267648 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Stone v. Graham Context triple: [United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court, hasNotableCase, Stone v. Graham]
-
A.
Stone v. Mississippi
Stone v. Mississippi is an 1880 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a state cannot irrevocably surrender its police power, allowing Mississippi to prohibit a previously chartered lottery despite contractual claims.
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B.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
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C.
Marsh v. Chambers
Marsh v. Chambers is a 1983 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of legislative prayer, finding that opening legislative sessions with a state-funded chaplain’s invocation did not violate the Establishment Clause.
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D.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
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E.
Gebhart v. Belton
Gebhart v. Belton was a landmark Delaware school segregation case whose rulings in favor of Black students became one of the four consolidated cases decided in Brown v. Board of Education, contributing to the Supreme Court’s rejection of “separate but equal” in public education.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Stone v. Graham Target entity description: Stone v. Graham is a 1980 U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Burger Court struck down a Kentucky law requiring the posting of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms as a violation of the Establishment Clause.
-
A.
Stone v. Mississippi
Stone v. Mississippi is an 1880 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a state cannot irrevocably surrender its police power, allowing Mississippi to prohibit a previously chartered lottery despite contractual claims.
-
B.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
-
C.
Marsh v. Chambers
Marsh v. Chambers is a 1983 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of legislative prayer, finding that opening legislative sessions with a state-funded chaplain’s invocation did not violate the Establishment Clause.
-
D.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
-
E.
Gebhart v. Belton
Gebhart v. Belton was a landmark Delaware school segregation case whose rulings in favor of Black students became one of the four consolidated cases decided in Brown v. Board of Education, contributing to the Supreme Court’s rejection of “separate but equal” in public education.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Establishment Clause case
ⓘ
First Amendment case ⓘ U.S. constitutional law case ⓘ United States Supreme Court case ⓘ |
| appliedTest | Lemon test ⓘ |
| appliedToStatesVia | Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ |
| appliesTo | public schools in Kentucky ⓘ |
| clarified | that posting the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms is unconstitutional ⓘ |
| concernsDisplay | framed copies of the Ten Commandments ⓘ |
| concernsGovernmentAction | mandatory posting of religious texts ⓘ |
| concernsLocation | public school classrooms ⓘ |
| concernsReligiousText | Ten Commandments ⓘ |
| foundPrimaryEffect | advancement of religion ⓘ |
| foundPurposeOfLaw | plainly religious in nature ⓘ |
| foundSecularPurpose | lacking ⓘ |
| hasCategory |
1980 in United States case law
ⓘ
U.S. Supreme Court cases on the First Amendment ⓘ United States Establishment Clause case law ⓘ |
| hasChiefJustice | Warren E. Burger ⓘ |
| hasCitation | 449 U.S. 39 ⓘ |
| hasConstitutionalProvision | Establishment Clause ⓘ |
| hasCourt | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| hasDecisionDate | 1980-11-17 ⓘ |
| hasDissentBy |
Byron R. White
ⓘ
Potter Stewart ⓘ Warren E. Burger ⓘ William H. Rehnquist ⓘ |
| hasDocketNumber | 80-321 ⓘ |
| hasHolding | A Kentucky statute requiring the posting of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment ⓘ |
| hasImpact | limited government endorsement of religious texts in public schools ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction | federal question jurisdiction ⓘ |
| hasLegalIssue |
Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
ⓘ
linked to:
Establishment Clause
separation of church and state ⓘ |
| hasMajorityPerCuriam | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| hasPetitioner | Sydney Stone et al. ⓘ |
| hasProceduralPosture | appeal from the Supreme Court of Kentucky ⓘ |
| hasRemedy | Kentucky statute held unconstitutional and invalidated ⓘ |
| hasRespondent | James B. Graham, Superintendent of Public Instruction of Kentucky ⓘ |
| hasVote | 5-4 ⓘ |
| hasYear | 1980 ⓘ |
| interpretsConstitution | First Amendment ⓘ |
| involvesStatute | Kentucky law requiring posting of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms ⓘ |
| isPerCuriam | true ⓘ |
| originatedIn | Kentucky ⓘ |
| reliesOnPrecedent | Lemon v. Kurtzman ⓘ |
| requiresForUnconstitutionalLaw | posting in each public school classroom ⓘ |
| reviewedLowerCourt |
Supreme Court of Kentucky
ⓘ
linked to:
Kentucky Supreme Court
|
| usedAsPrecedentIn | later Establishment Clause school cases ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Stone v. Graham Description of subject: Stone v. Graham is a 1980 U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Burger Court struck down a Kentucky law requiring the posting of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms as a violation of the Establishment Clause.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.