Low Frequency Instrument
E418614
The Low Frequency Instrument is a microwave detector array on the Planck spacecraft designed to measure the cosmic microwave background at low radio frequencies for cosmological studies.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Low Frequency Instrument canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4148481 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Low Frequency Instrument Context triple: [Planck spacecraft, instrument, Low Frequency Instrument]
-
A.
Radiometer
Radiometer is a medical technology company specializing in acute care testing solutions such as blood gas analysis and related diagnostic equipment.
-
B.
T-SAGE instrument
The T-SAGE instrument is a highly sensitive space-based accelerometer system designed to test the equivalence principle with unprecedented precision aboard the MICROSCOPE satellite.
-
C.
Wide Field Instrument
The Wide Field Instrument is the primary camera and spectrograph on NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, designed to capture large-area, high-resolution images for studies of dark energy, exoplanets, and infrared astrophysics.
-
D.
Planetary Fourier Spectrometer
The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer is a scientific instrument designed to analyze the composition and temperature structure of planetary atmospheres using infrared spectroscopy.
-
E.
Green Bank Telescope
The Green Bank Telescope is the world’s largest fully steerable radio telescope, located in West Virginia and used for cutting-edge astronomical and astrophysical research.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Low Frequency Instrument Target entity description: The Low Frequency Instrument is a microwave detector array on the Planck spacecraft designed to measure the cosmic microwave background at low radio frequencies for cosmological studies.
-
A.
Radiometer
Radiometer is a medical technology company specializing in acute care testing solutions such as blood gas analysis and related diagnostic equipment.
-
B.
T-SAGE instrument
The T-SAGE instrument is a highly sensitive space-based accelerometer system designed to test the equivalence principle with unprecedented precision aboard the MICROSCOPE satellite.
-
C.
Wide Field Instrument
The Wide Field Instrument is the primary camera and spectrograph on NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, designed to capture large-area, high-resolution images for studies of dark energy, exoplanets, and infrared astrophysics.
-
D.
Planetary Fourier Spectrometer
The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer is a scientific instrument designed to analyze the composition and temperature structure of planetary atmospheres using infrared spectroscopy.
-
E.
Green Bank Telescope
The Green Bank Telescope is the world’s largest fully steerable radio telescope, located in West Virginia and used for cutting-edge astronomical and astrophysical research.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cosmic microwave background instrument
ⓘ
microwave detector array ⓘ space telescope instrument ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Planck LFI
ⓘ
linked to:
Planck spacecraft
|
| collaboratesWith | High Frequency Instrument ⓘ |
| coLocatedWith | High Frequency Instrument ⓘ |
| countryOfSpaceAgency | Europe ⓘ |
| dataUsedFor |
CMB polarization maps
ⓘ
Planck cosmological parameter estimation ⓘ all-sky foreground maps ⓘ |
| designedFor |
cosmological studies
ⓘ
measurement of the cosmic microwave background ⓘ |
| developedBy | international collaboration ⓘ |
| developedUnder |
European Space Agency Planck program
ⓘ
linked to:
Planck spacecraft
|
| frequencyBand |
30 GHz
ⓘ
44 GHz ⓘ 70 GHz ⓘ |
| hasSubsystem |
back-end electronics unit
ⓘ
cryogenic cooling interface ⓘ front-end radiometer chains ⓘ waveguide system ⓘ |
| hostSpacecraftInstanceOf | space observatory ⓘ |
| launchDate | 2009-05-14 ⓘ |
| launchedFrom | Guiana Space Centre ⓘ |
| launchVehicle | Ariane 5 ECA ⓘ |
| locatedOn | Planck focal plane ⓘ |
| missionRole |
control of systematic effects in CMB measurements
ⓘ
foreground removal for cosmological analysis ⓘ low-frequency complement to High Frequency Instrument ⓘ |
| observes |
cosmic microwave background radiation
ⓘ
microwave sky ⓘ |
| onSpacecraft |
Planck observatory
ⓘ
linked to:
Planck spacecraft
|
| operatedBy | European Space Agency ⓘ |
| operatingTemperature | cryogenic ⓘ |
| operationalEnvironment | space ⓘ |
| partOf |
Planck mission
ⓘ
linked to:
Planck spacecraft
Planck spacecraft ⓘ |
| placedAt |
Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point
ⓘ
linked to:
Sun–Earth L2
|
| primaryScienceGoal | measurement of CMB temperature anisotropies ⓘ |
| scienceGoal |
Galactic synchrotron studies
ⓘ
foreground emission characterization ⓘ free-free emission studies ⓘ measurement of CMB polarization ⓘ |
| usesDetectorTechnology | high electron mobility transistor amplifiers ⓘ |
| usesDetectorType | radiometer ⓘ |
| wavelengthRange | approximately 1 cm to 1 cm/3 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Low Frequency Instrument Description of subject: The Low Frequency Instrument is a microwave detector array on the Planck spacecraft designed to measure the cosmic microwave background at low radio frequencies for cosmological studies.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.