nullification trial of 1455–1456

E415154

ecclesiastical trial posthumous trial retrial

The nullification trial of 1455–1456 was the posthumous retrial that overturned Joan of Arc’s heresy conviction and formally declared her innocent.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
nullification trial of 1455–1456 canonical	1
nullification trial of Joan of Arc	1
nullification trial of Joan of Arc (1455–1456)	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4132938 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: nullification trial of 1455–1456
Context triple: [Joan of Arc, posthumousEvent, nullification trial of 1455–1456]

A. Trial of the Seventeen
Trial of the Seventeen is a fantasy novel in the Spellmonger series by Terry Mancour, continuing the epic tale of mage Minalan and his allies as they confront escalating magical and political threats.
B. Trial of the Sixteen
The Trial of the Sixteen was a 1936 Soviet show trial in Moscow in which prominent Old Bolsheviks were accused of treason and summarily condemned, marking a key early stage of Stalin’s Great Purge.
C. Disputation of Barcelona
The Disputation of Barcelona was a formal 1263 religious debate before King James I of Aragon between the Jewish scholar Nachmanides and the Christian convert Pablo Christiani over the messianic claims of Christianity and the interpretation of Jewish texts.
D. Verona trial
The Verona trial was a 1944 Fascist show trial in the Italian Social Republic that prosecuted former Fascist leaders, including Emilio De Bono, for their role in deposing Benito Mussolini.
E. Bern Disputation of 1528
The Bern Disputation of 1528 was a pivotal public theological debate in the Swiss city of Bern that led to the official adoption of Protestant reforms and significantly advanced the Swiss Reformation.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: nullification trial of 1455–1456
Target entity description: The nullification trial of 1455–1456 was the posthumous retrial that overturned Joan of Arc’s heresy conviction and formally declared her innocent.

A. Trial of the Seventeen
Trial of the Seventeen is a fantasy novel in the Spellmonger series by Terry Mancour, continuing the epic tale of mage Minalan and his allies as they confront escalating magical and political threats.
B. Trial of the Sixteen
The Trial of the Sixteen was a 1936 Soviet show trial in Moscow in which prominent Old Bolsheviks were accused of treason and summarily condemned, marking a key early stage of Stalin’s Great Purge.
C. Disputation of Barcelona
The Disputation of Barcelona was a formal 1263 religious debate before King James I of Aragon between the Jewish scholar Nachmanides and the Christian convert Pablo Christiani over the messianic claims of Christianity and the interpretation of Jewish texts.
D. Verona trial
The Verona trial was a 1944 Fascist show trial in the Italian Social Republic that prosecuted former Fascist leaders, including Emilio De Bono, for their role in deposing Benito Mussolini.
E. Bern Disputation of 1528
The Bern Disputation of 1528 was a pivotal public theological debate in the Swiss city of Bern that led to the official adoption of Protestant reforms and significantly advanced the Swiss Reformation.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (44)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ecclesiastical trial ⓘ posthumous trial ⓘ retrial ⓘ
appliesToEvent	trial of Joan of Arc (1431) ⓘ linked to: trial and execution of Joan of Arc
authorizedBy	Pope Callixtus III ⓘ
category	15th-century trials ⓘ Catholic Church legal history ⓘ Joan of Arc ⓘ
chronologicalRelation	held about 25 years after Joan of Arc’s execution ⓘ
convenedBy	Pope Callixtus III ⓘ
country	Kingdom of France ⓘ
dateOfFinalSentence	7 July 1456 ⓘ
declaredInvalid	sentence of heresy pronounced in 1431 ⓘ
endTime	1456 ⓘ
examined	records of the 1431 trial of Joan of Arc ⓘ testimony of witnesses who knew Joan of Arc ⓘ
hasEffect	annulled the 1431 condemnation of Joan of Arc ⓘ formally declared Joan of Arc innocent ⓘ overturned Joan of Arc’s heresy conviction ⓘ
historicalPeriod	Late Middle Ages ⓘ
jurisdiction	inquisitorial authority of the Church ⓘ papal legates ⓘ
languageOfRecord	French ⓘ Latin ⓘ
legalFinding	Joan of Arc died as a faithful daughter of the Church ⓘ original trial was tainted by fraud and procedural irregularities ⓘ
legalStatus	rehabilitation proceeding ⓘ
location	Paris ⓘ Rouen ⓘ
mainSubject	Joan of Arc ⓘ
opposedDecisionOf	Bishop Pierre Cauchon ⓘ linked to: Pierre Cauchon
partOf	rehabilitation of Joan of Arc ⓘ
presidedOverBy	Cardinal Guillaume d’Estouteville ⓘ Jean Bréhal ⓘ
religion	Catholic Church ⓘ linked to: Roman Catholicism
requestedBy	Isabelle Romée ⓘ Joan of Arc’s family ⓘ linked to: Joan of Arc
result	Joan of Arc declared a martyr ⓘ condemnation of 1431 declared null and void ⓘ
significance	laid groundwork for later canonization of Joan of Arc ⓘ restored Joan of Arc’s reputation in the Church ⓘ
startTime	1455 ⓘ
subjectOf	modern historical studies on Joan of Arc ⓘ rehabilitation documents of Joan of Arc ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Joan of Arc → posthumousEvent → nullification trial of 1455–1456 ⓘ

Joan of Arc in Rouen → hasAftermath → nullification trial of Joan of Arc ⓘ

linked to: nullification trial of 1455–1456

Pierre Cauchon → describedBySource → nullification trial of Joan of Arc (1455–1456) ⓘ