Hepburn Act
E413675
The Hepburn Act was a 1906 U.S. federal law that significantly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission’s power to regulate railroad rates and practices as part of Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Era reforms.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Hepburn Act canonical | 4 |
| Hepburn Act of 1906 | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4086805 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hepburn Act Context triple: [Square Deal, hasPart, Hepburn Act]
-
A.
Wheeler–Howard Act
The Wheeler–Howard Act, formally known as the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, is a U.S. federal law that ended the allotment of tribal lands and aimed to restore tribal self-government and communal landholding for Native American tribes.
-
B.
McFadden Act of 1927
The McFadden Act of 1927 was a U.S. federal law that regulated national banks’ branching and effectively restricted interstate banking, helping to shape the geographically fragmented structure of American banking for much of the 20th century.
-
C.
Wheeler-Rayburn Act
The Wheeler-Rayburn Act is a New Deal-era U.S. federal law that restructured and regulated electric utility holding companies to curb monopolistic practices and protect consumers and investors.
-
D.
Aldrich–Vreeland Act
The Aldrich–Vreeland Act was a 1908 U.S. law that created emergency currency provisions and laid groundwork for banking reform in response to the Panic of 1907.
-
E.
Butler Act
The Butler Act was a Tennessee state law enacted in 1925 that prohibited the teaching of human evolution in public schools, becoming infamous as the focus of the Scopes "Monkey" Trial.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hepburn Act Target entity description: The Hepburn Act was a 1906 U.S. federal law that significantly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission’s power to regulate railroad rates and practices as part of Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Era reforms.
-
A.
Wheeler–Howard Act
The Wheeler–Howard Act, formally known as the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, is a U.S. federal law that ended the allotment of tribal lands and aimed to restore tribal self-government and communal landholding for Native American tribes.
-
B.
McFadden Act of 1927
The McFadden Act of 1927 was a U.S. federal law that regulated national banks’ branching and effectively restricted interstate banking, helping to shape the geographically fragmented structure of American banking for much of the 20th century.
-
C.
Wheeler-Rayburn Act
The Wheeler-Rayburn Act is a New Deal-era U.S. federal law that restructured and regulated electric utility holding companies to curb monopolistic practices and protect consumers and investors.
-
D.
Aldrich–Vreeland Act
The Aldrich–Vreeland Act was a 1908 U.S. law that created emergency currency provisions and laid groundwork for banking reform in response to the Panic of 1907.
-
E.
Butler Act
The Butler Act was a Tennessee state law enacted in 1925 that prohibited the teaching of human evolution in public schools, becoming infamous as the focus of the Scopes "Monkey" Trial.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
regulatory statute ⓘ |
| aimedTo |
curb railroad rate discrimination
ⓘ
increase federal regulation of railroads ⓘ protect shippers from unfair practices ⓘ |
| allowed |
Interstate Commerce Commission to examine railroad financial records
ⓘ
linked to:
Interstate Commerce Commission
Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum railroad rates ⓘ
linked to:
Hepburn Act regulation of railroads
|
| appliesTo |
bridges used in interstate commerce
ⓘ
express companies ⓘ ferries used in interstate commerce ⓘ interstate railroads ⓘ oil pipelines ⓘ sleeping car companies ⓘ terminals used in interstate commerce ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdiction |
United States federal government
ⓘ
linked to:
United States government
|
| associatedWithPoliticalMovement | Progressivism in the United States ⓘ |
| associatedWithPresident | Theodore Roosevelt ⓘ |
| dateEnacted | 1906 ⓘ |
| expandedPowerOf | Interstate Commerce Commission ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Mann–Elkins Act of 1910
ⓘ
linked to:
Mann–Elkins Act
|
| hasChamberOfConsideration | United States Senate ⓘ |
| hasChamberOfOrigin | United States House of Representatives ⓘ |
| hasCountry |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| hasEffect |
increased federal oversight of private industry
ⓘ
reduced railroad monopoly power ⓘ strengthened consumer and shipper protections ⓘ |
| hasLegislativeBody | United States Congress ⓘ |
| hasProvision |
made ICC orders enforceable in federal court
ⓘ
prohibited free passes and rebates to favored shippers ⓘ required railroads to submit annual reports to the ICC ⓘ |
| inForceStartDate | 1906 ⓘ |
| isPartOf | United States railroad regulation history ⓘ |
| legalStatus | amended by later transportation statutes ⓘ |
| legislativeSubject |
commerce regulation
ⓘ
railroad industry ⓘ transportation regulation ⓘ |
| namedAfter | William Peters Hepburn ⓘ |
| partOf | Progressive Era reforms ⓘ |
| placeOfOrigin | Washington, D.C. ⓘ |
| precededBy |
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
ⓘ
linked to:
Interstate Commerce Act
|
| regulates |
railroad practices
ⓘ
railroad rates ⓘ |
| signedBy | Theodore Roosevelt ⓘ |
| strengthened | Interstate Commerce Commission ⓘ |
| subjectHasRole | Interstate Commerce Commission ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 20th century ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Hepburn Act Description of subject: The Hepburn Act was a 1906 U.S. federal law that significantly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission’s power to regulate railroad rates and practices as part of Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Era reforms.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.