Windsor
E393170
Windsor is a landmark 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a key part of the Defense of Marriage Act, advancing federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Windsor canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3830461 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Windsor Context triple: [Windsor v. United States (in part), shortName, Windsor]
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A.
Windsor
Windsor is a historic English town in Berkshire best known for Windsor Castle, one of the official residences of the British monarch and a major royal and military ceremonial site.
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B.
Windsor
Windsor is a small town in northern Colorado known for its rapidly growing residential communities and proximity to major Front Range cities like Fort Collins and Greeley.
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C.
Windsor
Windsor is a historic town in Connecticut recognized as the state's first English settlement and now part of the Hartford metropolitan area.
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D.
Windsor
Windsor is a Canadian city in southwestern Ontario located directly across the Detroit River from Detroit, known for its automotive industry and role as a key border crossing between Canada and the United States.
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E.
Windsor
Windsor is a village in south-central Wisconsin, United States, located just north of the city of Madison.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Windsor Target entity description: Windsor is a landmark 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a key part of the Defense of Marriage Act, advancing federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
-
A.
Windsor
Windsor is a historic town in Connecticut recognized as the state's first English settlement and now part of the Hartford metropolitan area.
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B.
Windsor
Windsor is the royal house and family name of the reigning British monarchs, adopted in the early 20th century and borne by Queen Elizabeth II and her descendants.
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C.
Windsor
Windsor is a historic English town in Berkshire best known for Windsor Castle, one of the official residences of the British monarch and a major royal and military ceremonial site.
-
D.
Windsor
Windsor is a small town in northern Colorado known for its rapidly growing residential communities and proximity to major Front Range cities like Fort Collins and Greeley.
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E.
Windsor
Windsor is a small town in Sonoma County, California, known for its wineries, scenic surroundings, and role as a gateway to the Russian River Valley wine region.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
LGBT rights case
ⓘ
U.S. Supreme Court case ⓘ civil rights case ⓘ constitutional law case ⓘ landmark case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
LGBT rights in the United States
ⓘ
family law ⓘ federalism ⓘ |
| argumentDate | 2013-03-27 ⓘ |
| challengedProvision | Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ⓘ |
| challengedStatute | Defense of Marriage Act ⓘ |
| citation |
133 S. Ct. 2675
ⓘ
186 L. Ed. 2d 808 ⓘ 570 U.S. 744 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision | Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| country | United States of America ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 2013-06-26 ⓘ |
| decisionType | 5–4 decision ⓘ |
| defendant | United States of America ⓘ |
| dissentingJustice |
Antonin Scalia
ⓘ
Clarence Thomas ⓘ John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 12-307 ⓘ |
| effect |
extended federal benefits to married same-sex couples
ⓘ
required federal government to recognize same-sex marriages valid under state law ⓘ struck down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| holding | Section 3 of DOMA is unconstitutional as a deprivation of the equal liberty of persons protected by the Fifth Amendment ⓘ |
| joinedMajorityJustice |
Elena Kagan
ⓘ
Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
due process under the Fifth Amendment
ⓘ
equal protection under the Fifth Amendment ⓘ federal recognition of same-sex marriages ⓘ |
| locationOfLowerCourtCase | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ⓘ |
| lowerCourt | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ⓘ |
| lowerCourtOutcome | DOMA Section 3 held unconstitutional ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Anthony M. Kennedy ⓘ |
| petitioner |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| plaintiff |
Edith Windsor
ⓘ
linked to:
Edith Schlain Windsor
|
| precedentFor | Obergefell v. Hodges ⓘ |
| relatedCase | Hollingsworth v. Perry ⓘ |
| relatedLegislation | Defense of Marriage Act ⓘ |
| respondent |
Edith Windsor
ⓘ
linked to:
Edith Schlain Windsor
|
| result | federal definition of marriage could not exclude same-sex couples where states recognized such marriages ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | estate tax refund for surviving same-sex spouse ⓘ |
| term | October Term 2012 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Windsor Description of subject: Windsor is a landmark 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a key part of the Defense of Marriage Act, advancing federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.