Iron Age II
E319250
Iron Age II was a period in the ancient Near East, roughly spanning the first millennium BCE, marked by the rise of complex states, widespread use of iron tools and weapons, and the flourishing of kingdoms such as Israel and Judah.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Iron Age II canonical | 20 |
| Iron Age | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3001466 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Iron Age II Context triple: [Elnathan of Jerusalem, era, Iron Age II]
-
A.
Iron Age
The Iron Age was a major prehistoric and early historic era marked by the widespread use of iron tools and weapons, urban growth, and complex societies across regions including the ancient Near East where the Hebrews lived.
-
B.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was an ancient era characterized by the widespread use of bronze tools and weapons, early urbanization, and the emergence of complex societies across regions including the Near East, where the Hebrews lived.
-
C.
Late Bronze Age
The Late Bronze Age was the final phase of the Bronze Age, marked by advanced metalworking, complex societies, extensive trade networks, and the emergence or flourishing of early civilizations across the Near East, Mediterranean, and parts of Europe and Asia.
-
D.
Germanic Iron Age
The Germanic Iron Age was a period in Northern European prehistory marked by the development of distinct Germanic cultures, metalworking, and social structures that laid the groundwork for the later Viking Age.
-
E.
Middle Bronze Age
The Middle Bronze Age was a prehistoric period characterized by the widespread use of bronze, the rise of complex urban societies, and extensive trade networks across regions such as the Near East and Anatolia.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Iron Age II Target entity description: Iron Age II was a period in the ancient Near East, roughly spanning the first millennium BCE, marked by the rise of complex states, widespread use of iron tools and weapons, and the flourishing of kingdoms such as Israel and Judah.
-
A.
Iron Age
The Iron Age was a major prehistoric and early historic era marked by the widespread use of iron tools and weapons, urban growth, and complex societies across regions including the ancient Near East where the Hebrews lived.
-
B.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was an ancient era characterized by the widespread use of bronze tools and weapons, early urbanization, and the emergence of complex societies across regions including the Near East, where the Hebrews lived.
-
C.
Late Bronze Age
The Late Bronze Age was the final phase of the Bronze Age, marked by advanced metalworking, complex societies, extensive trade networks, and the emergence or flourishing of early civilizations across the Near East, Mediterranean, and parts of Europe and Asia.
-
D.
Germanic Iron Age
The Germanic Iron Age was a period in Northern European prehistory marked by the development of distinct Germanic cultures, metalworking, and social structures that laid the groundwork for the later Viking Age.
-
E.
Middle Bronze Age
The Middle Bronze Age was a prehistoric period characterized by the widespread use of bronze, the rise of complex urban societies, and extensive trade networks across regions such as the Near East and Anatolia.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
archaeological period
ⓘ
historical period ⓘ |
| archaeologicalCorrelation |
collared-rim storage jars (early Iron II)
ⓘ
fortified city gates and casemate walls ⓘ four-room houses in the Southern Levant ⓘ lmlk-stamped jar handles in Judah ⓘ red-slipped and burnished pottery types ⓘ stratigraphic levels with widespread iron artifacts ⓘ |
| associatedWithCulture |
Ammon
ⓘ
Aramean kingdoms ⓘ Edom ⓘ Kingdom of Damascus ⓘ
linked to:
Aram-Damascus kingdom
Kingdom of Israel ⓘ
linked to:
Northern Kingdom of Israel
Kingdom of Judah ⓘ Moab ⓘ Neo-Assyrian Empire ⓘ Neo-Babylonian Empire ⓘ Philistine city-states ⓘ
linked to:
Philistia
Phoenician city-states ⓘ
linked to:
Phoenician civilization
|
| characterizedBy |
development of regional kingdoms
ⓘ
fortified cities ⓘ intensive agriculture ⓘ long-distance trade ⓘ monumental architecture ⓘ rise of complex states ⓘ urbanization ⓘ use of alphabetic writing systems ⓘ widespread use of iron tools ⓘ widespread use of iron weapons ⓘ |
| endMarkedBy |
Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE
ⓘ
linked to:
Siege of Jerusalem (587–586 BCE)
|
| endTime | circa 586 BCE ⓘ |
| followedBy | Iron Age III ⓘ |
| follows | Iron Age I ⓘ |
| hasSubperiod |
Iron IIA
ⓘ
Iron IIB ⓘ Iron IIC ⓘ |
| linkedToTextualTradition |
Hebrew Bible historical narratives
ⓘ
Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions ⓘ
linked to:
Assyrian inscriptions
Neo-Babylonian inscriptions ⓘ West Semitic monumental inscriptions ⓘ |
| mainRegion |
Anatolia
ⓘ
Levant ⓘ
linked to:
Levant region
Mesopotamia ⓘ Southern Levant ⓘ
linked to:
Levant region
Syro-Palestine ⓘ
linked to:
Greater Syria
ancient Near East ⓘ |
| partOf | Iron Age ⓘ |
| startTime | circa 1000 BCE ⓘ |
| timeInWords | first millennium BCE ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Iron Age II Description of subject: Iron Age II was a period in the ancient Near East, roughly spanning the first millennium BCE, marked by the rise of complex states, widespread use of iron tools and weapons, and the flourishing of kingdoms such as Israel and Judah.
Referenced by (21)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Iron Age II