papal bull "Cum non solum"
E318571
The papal bull "Cum non solum" is a 1245 letter from Pope Innocent IV addressed to the Mongol ruler Güyük Khan, urging peace with Christian nations and calling for an end to attacks on Europe.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| papal bull "Cum non solum" canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3005464 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: papal bull "Cum non solum" Context triple: [Innocentius PP. IV, issuedDocument, papal bull "Cum non solum"]
-
A.
papal bull Ad extirpanda
The papal bull *Ad extirpanda* is a 1252 decree by Pope Innocent IV that authorized and regulated the use of torture by inquisitors in the persecution of heresy.
-
B.
papal bull Exsurge Domine
The papal bull *Exsurge Domine* is a 1520 decree by Pope Leo X condemning Martin Luther’s teachings and threatening him with excommunication, marking a pivotal moment in the early Reformation.
-
C.
papal bull Inter gravissimas
The papal bull *Inter gravissimas* was the 1582 decree by Pope Gregory XIII that reformed the calendar system, leading to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar.
-
D.
papal bull Transiturus de hoc mundo
The papal bull *Transiturus de hoc mundo* is a decree issued by Pope Urban IV in 1264 that established the Feast of Corpus Christi as a universal celebration in the Catholic Church.
-
E.
Papal bull Laudabiliter
Papal bull Laudabiliter is a 12th-century papal decree traditionally cited as authorizing King Henry II of England’s lordship over Ireland and shaping subsequent English claims to rule the island.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: papal bull "Cum non solum" Target entity description: The papal bull "Cum non solum" is a 1245 letter from Pope Innocent IV addressed to the Mongol ruler Güyük Khan, urging peace with Christian nations and calling for an end to attacks on Europe.
-
A.
papal bull Ad extirpanda
The papal bull *Ad extirpanda* is a 1252 decree by Pope Innocent IV that authorized and regulated the use of torture by inquisitors in the persecution of heresy.
-
B.
papal bull Exsurge Domine
The papal bull *Exsurge Domine* is a 1520 decree by Pope Leo X condemning Martin Luther’s teachings and threatening him with excommunication, marking a pivotal moment in the early Reformation.
-
C.
papal bull Inter gravissimas
The papal bull *Inter gravissimas* was the 1582 decree by Pope Gregory XIII that reformed the calendar system, leading to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar.
-
D.
papal bull Transiturus de hoc mundo
The papal bull *Transiturus de hoc mundo* is a decree issued by Pope Urban IV in 1264 that established the Feast of Corpus Christi as a universal celebration in the Catholic Church.
-
E.
Papal bull Laudabiliter
Papal bull Laudabiliter is a 12th-century papal decree traditionally cited as authorizing King Henry II of England’s lordship over Ireland and shaping subsequent English claims to rule the island.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
letter
ⓘ
papal bull ⓘ |
| addressedTo |
Güyük Khan
ⓘ
Mongol Empire ⓘ |
| author | Pope Innocent IV ⓘ |
| authoredInCapacity |
Bishop of Rome
ⓘ
linked to:
Pope
supreme pontiff ⓘ |
| callsFor | peace between the Mongol Empire and Christian realms ⓘ |
| concernedWith |
Mongol invasions of Europe
ⓘ
relations between the Papacy and the Mongol Empire ⓘ |
| date | 1245 ⓘ |
| documentNumberInPontificate | early diplomatic letters to the Mongols by Innocent IV ⓘ |
| ecclesiasticalJurisdiction |
Roman Catholic Church
ⓘ
linked to:
Roman Catholicism
|
| followedBy | papal bull "Viam agnoscere veritatis" ⓘ |
| genre | diplomatic correspondence ⓘ |
| hasAddresseeRole |
Great Khan of the Mongols
ⓘ
linked to:
Great Khan
Mongol ruler ⓘ |
| hasAddresseeTitle | Great Khan ⓘ |
| hasCanonicalStatus | non-legislative papal document ⓘ |
| hasForm | solemn papal letter ⓘ |
| hasReligionContext | Christianity ⓘ |
| historicalContext | aftermath of the Mongol invasions of Eastern and Central Europe ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | 13th century ⓘ |
| isAbout |
Christian–Mongol relations
ⓘ
Mongol military expansion ⓘ
linked to:
Mongol conquests
|
| isPartOf | medieval papal–Mongol correspondence ⓘ |
| issuedBy | Pope Innocent IV ⓘ |
| issuedDuring | Mongol–European diplomatic contacts ⓘ |
| language | Latin ⓘ |
| mentions |
Catholic Church
ⓘ
linked to:
Catholic Church worldwide
Christian princes ⓘ |
| papacyOf |
Innocent IV
ⓘ
linked to:
Pope Innocent IV
|
| placeOfIssue | Lyon ⓘ |
| pontificateOfIssue | Pope Innocent IV ⓘ |
| preservedIn |
Vatican archives
ⓘ
linked to:
Vatican Apostolic Archive
|
| purpose |
to call for an end to Mongol attacks on Europe
ⓘ
to invite the Mongol ruler to accept Christian teaching ⓘ to urge peace with Christian nations ⓘ |
| recipient | Güyük Khan ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
First Council of Lyon
ⓘ
papal diplomacy with the Mongols ⓘ |
| requests |
cessation of hostilities against Christians
ⓘ
respect for Christian missionaries ⓘ |
| temporalLocation | Middle Ages ⓘ |
| typeOfDocument | pontifical letter ⓘ |
| usesSeal | lead papal bulla ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: papal bull "Cum non solum" Description of subject: The papal bull "Cum non solum" is a 1245 letter from Pope Innocent IV addressed to the Mongol ruler Güyük Khan, urging peace with Christian nations and calling for an end to attacks on Europe.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.