Treaty of Hellgate

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The Treaty of Hellgate was an 1855 agreement between the United States and several Salish-speaking tribes in the Pacific Northwest that ceded vast Indigenous lands and established the Flathead Indian Reservation in present-day Montana.

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Treaty of Hellgate canonical 1

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Statements (43)

Predicate Object
instanceOf bilateral agreement
treaty
affectedTribalNation Flathead Nation
Kootenai people
Pend d'Oreille people
Salish peoples
linked to: W̱SÁNEĆ people
archivedAt U.S. National Archives
consequence cession of vast Indigenous lands to the United States
relocation of Salish-speaking tribes to reservation lands
country United States
currentJurisdiction U.S. state of Montana
linked to: Montana
established Flathead Indian Reservation
hasSubject hunting and fishing rights
reservation boundaries
sovereignty
historicalRegion Pacific Northwest
jurisdiction Washington Territory
languageFamilyOfTribes Salishan languages
legalDomain federal Indian law
public international law
legalStatus ratified by the United States Senate
location Hellgate, Washington Territory
present-day Montana
namedAfter Hellgate Canyon
negotiatedBy Isaac I. Stevens
negotiatorRole Governor of Washington Territory
partOf U.S. federal Indian policy in the 19th century
purpose establishment of Indian reservation
land cession
relatedTo Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation
Flathead Indian Reservation
result creation of the Flathead Indian Reservation
signatory Bitterroot Salish
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
Kootenai
Pend d'Oreille
United States government
signingDate 1855-07-16
timePeriod mid-19th century
topic Indigenous land cession in the Pacific Northwest
United States–Native American treaties
typeOf Native American treaty
year 1855

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