Indian indenture system

E239001

The Indian indenture system was a 19th- and early 20th-century labor scheme that transported millions of Indians to work on colonial plantations worldwide under long-term, often exploitative contracts following the abolition of slavery.

All labels observed (2)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (93)

Predicate Object
instanceOf historical phenomenon ⓘ
indentured labor system ⓘ
labor migration system ⓘ
abolishedBy formal ban on indentured emigration from India in 1917 ⓘ
appliesToJurisdiction British Empire ⓘ
Dutch colonial empire ⓘ
French colonial empire ⓘ
Portuguese Empire ⓘ
characterizedBy debt-like obligations ⓘ
harsh working conditions ⓘ
high mortality rates ⓘ
long-term contracts ⓘ
low wages ⓘ
racialized labor hierarchy ⓘ
recruitment abuses ⓘ
restricted mobility ⓘ
documentedIn colonial emigration records ⓘ
plantation archives ⓘ
ship passenger lists ⓘ
endCause Indian nationalist pressure ⓘ
changing economic conditions ⓘ
humanitarian criticism ⓘ
endTime 1920 ⓘ
fieldOfWork cocoa plantations ⓘ
rice cultivation ⓘ
rubber plantations ⓘ
sugar plantations ⓘ
tea plantations ⓘ
followed abolition of slavery in 1833 ⓘ
hasCause abolition of slavery in the British Empire ⓘ
demand for cheap plantation labor ⓘ
hasConsequence creation of Indian South African community ⓘ
creation of Indo-Caribbean communities ⓘ
creation of Indo-Fijian community ⓘ
creation of Indo-Mauritian community ⓘ
cultural hybridization in destination colonies ⓘ
formation of large Indian diasporas ⓘ
long-term racial and class stratification in colonies ⓘ
hasParticipant British colonial authorities ⓘ
linked to: British authorities

Indian laborers ⓘ
colonial plantation owners ⓘ
languageOfAdministration Dutch ⓘ
English ⓘ
French ⓘ
mainDestination Burma ⓘ
linked to: Myanmar

Caribbean ⓘ
Ceylon ⓘ
linked to: Sri Lanka

Dutch Guiana ⓘ
linked to: Suriname

East Africa ⓘ
Fiji ⓘ
French Guiana ⓘ
Guadeloupe ⓘ
Guyana ⓘ
linked to: British Guiana

Malaya ⓘ
Martinique ⓘ
Mauritius ⓘ
Natal ⓘ
Natal Colony ⓘ
linked to: Colony of Natal

Reunion Island ⓘ
linked to: Réunion

South Africa ⓘ
Southeast Asia ⓘ
Suriname ⓘ
Trinidad and Tobago ⓘ
numberOfPeopleInvolved about 1.2 million ⓘ
over 1 million ⓘ
over 2 million including unofficial migrations ⓘ
opposedBy Gopal Krishna Gokhale ⓘ
Indian nationalists ⓘ
linked to: Indian nationalism

Indian social reformers ⓘ
Mahatma Gandhi ⓘ
partOf global history of labor migration ⓘ
history of the Indian diaspora ⓘ
post-emancipation labor systems ⓘ
placeOfOrigin British India ⓘ
present-day Bangladesh ⓘ
present-day India ⓘ
present-day Pakistan ⓘ
recruitmentRegion Bengal Presidency ⓘ
Bihar ⓘ
Central Provinces ⓘ
Madras Presidency ⓘ
Uttar Pradesh ⓘ
regardedAs post-slavery labor regime ⓘ
quasi-slavery ⓘ
system of unfree labor ⓘ
regulatedBy Indian Emigration Act 1842 ⓘ
Indian Emigration Act 1864 ⓘ
Indian Emigration Act 1883 ⓘ
replaced slave labor on many plantations ⓘ
startTime 1834 ⓘ
temporalRelation succeeded Atlantic slavery in many colonies ⓘ
typicalContractDuration 10 years ⓘ
5 years ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (2)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Indian Arrival Day → relatedTo → Indian indenture system ⓘ
History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago → describes → Indian indentureship in Trinidad and Tobago ⓘ
linked to: Indian indenture system