Newark Earthworks
E234596
Newark Earthworks is a large and complex set of ancient geometric earthen enclosures in Ohio, built by Indigenous peoples during the Middle Woodland period and considered among the most impressive prehistoric earthworks in North America.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Newark Earthworks canonical | 6 |
| Newark Earthworks State Memorial | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2109780 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Newark Earthworks Context triple: [Hopewell tradition, hasSite, Newark Earthworks]
-
A.
Angel Mounds
Angel Mounds is a significant pre-Columbian archaeological site in Indiana that preserves the remains of a large Mississippian culture town and its earthen platform mounds.
-
B.
Kincaid Mounds
Kincaid Mounds is a significant pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Ohio River Valley, known for its large earthen platform mounds and role as a regional center of Mississippian culture.
-
C.
Etowah Indian Mounds
Etowah Indian Mounds is a significant prehistoric archaeological site in Georgia featuring large earthen mounds built by the Mississippian peoples between roughly 1000 and 1550 CE.
-
D.
Mound City
Mound City is a historical nickname for St. Louis, Missouri, referencing the region’s ancient Native American earthwork mounds.
-
E.
Spiro Mounds
Spiro Mounds is a significant pre-Columbian archaeological site in present-day Oklahoma, known for its large earthen mounds and role as a major ceremonial and trade center of the Mississippian culture.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Newark Earthworks Target entity description: Newark Earthworks is a large and complex set of ancient geometric earthen enclosures in Ohio, built by Indigenous peoples during the Middle Woodland period and considered among the most impressive prehistoric earthworks in North America.
-
A.
Angel Mounds
Angel Mounds is a significant pre-Columbian archaeological site in Indiana that preserves the remains of a large Mississippian culture town and its earthen platform mounds.
-
B.
Kincaid Mounds
Kincaid Mounds is a significant pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Ohio River Valley, known for its large earthen platform mounds and role as a regional center of Mississippian culture.
-
C.
Etowah Indian Mounds
Etowah Indian Mounds is a significant prehistoric archaeological site in Georgia featuring large earthen mounds built by the Mississippian peoples between roughly 1000 and 1550 CE.
-
D.
Mound City
Mound City is a historical nickname for St. Louis, Missouri, referencing the region’s ancient Native American earthwork mounds.
-
E.
Spiro Mounds
Spiro Mounds is a significant pre-Columbian archaeological site in present-day Oklahoma, known for its large earthen mounds and role as a major ceremonial and trade center of the Mississippian culture.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Hopewell culture earthwork
ⓘ
archaeological site ⓘ prehistoric earthwork complex ⓘ |
| archaeologicalType | mound complex ⓘ |
| associatedWithCulture |
Hopewell culture
ⓘ
linked to:
Hopewell tradition
|
| astronomicalAlignment | lunar standstill cycles ⓘ |
| builtBy |
Hopewell culture
ⓘ
linked to:
Hopewell tradition
Indigenous peoples of North America ⓘ |
| continent | North America ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| culture | Hopewell tradition ⓘ |
| currentUse |
archaeological park
ⓘ
cultural heritage site ⓘ |
| estimatedConstructionDate | circa 100 BCE–400 CE ⓘ |
| function |
ceremonial center
ⓘ
gathering place for regional Hopewell communities ⓘ |
| governingBody | Ohio History Connection ⓘ |
| hasPart |
Great Circle Earthworks
ⓘ
Octagon Earthworks ⓘ Wright Earthworks ⓘ
linked to:
Octagon Earthworks
circular enclosure ⓘ linear embankments ⓘ square enclosure ⓘ |
| heritageDesignation |
National Historic Landmark
ⓘ
Ohio State Memorial ⓘ UNESCO World Heritage Site ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Licking County, Ohio
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Newark, Ohio ⓘ Ohio ⓘ United States ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| materialUsed | earth ⓘ |
| nearestCity | Newark, Ohio ⓘ |
| notableFor |
astronomical alignments
ⓘ
ceremonial and ritual functions ⓘ large geometric earthen enclosures ⓘ |
| owner |
State of Ohio
ⓘ
linked to:
Ohio
|
| partOf | Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks ⓘ |
| preservationStatus | partially preserved ⓘ |
| region |
Ohio River Valley
ⓘ
linked to:
Ohio Valley region
|
| researchField |
archaeoastronomy
ⓘ
archaeology ⓘ |
| shape | geometric earthwork complex ⓘ |
| significance |
among the most impressive prehistoric earthworks in North America
ⓘ
one of the largest sets of geometric earthworks in the world ⓘ |
| threat | urban development ⓘ |
| timePeriod | Middle Woodland period ⓘ |
| UNESCOWorldHeritageInscriptionYear | 2023 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Newark Earthworks Description of subject: Newark Earthworks is a large and complex set of ancient geometric earthen enclosures in Ohio, built by Indigenous peoples during the Middle Woodland period and considered among the most impressive prehistoric earthworks in North America.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Newark Earthworks
linked to: Newark Earthworks