General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention
E229222
General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretation by the UN Committee against Torture clarifying states’ obligations to prevent refoulement and protect individuals from being returned to countries where they risk torture.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1968406 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention Context triple: [Committee against Torture, subjectOf, General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention]
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A.
General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention
General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretative document by the Committee against Torture that clarifies states’ obligations to prevent refoulement to countries where individuals risk torture.
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B.
General Comment No. 3 on article 14 of the Convention
General Comment No. 3 on article 14 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretation by the UN Committee against Torture detailing states’ obligations to ensure redress and rehabilitation for victims of torture under the Convention against Torture.
-
C.
General Comment No. 2 on the implementation of article 2 of the Convention
General Comment No. 2 on the implementation of article 2 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretative document by the Committee against Torture that clarifies states’ obligations to prevent torture and ill-treatment under Article 2 of the UN Convention against Torture.
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D.
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty that commits its parties to abolishing the death penalty under international human rights law.
-
E.
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that extends the Convention’s protections by prohibiting imprisonment for debt, safeguarding freedom of movement, and banning collective expulsion of aliens.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention Target entity description: General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretation by the UN Committee against Torture clarifying states’ obligations to prevent refoulement and protect individuals from being returned to countries where they risk torture.
-
A.
General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention
General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretative document by the Committee against Torture that clarifies states’ obligations to prevent refoulement to countries where individuals risk torture.
-
B.
General Comment No. 3 on article 14 of the Convention
General Comment No. 3 on article 14 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretation by the UN Committee against Torture detailing states’ obligations to ensure redress and rehabilitation for victims of torture under the Convention against Torture.
-
C.
General Comment No. 2 on the implementation of article 2 of the Convention
General Comment No. 2 on the implementation of article 2 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretative document by the Committee against Torture that clarifies states’ obligations to prevent torture and ill-treatment under Article 2 of the UN Convention against Torture.
-
D.
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty that commits its parties to abolishing the death penalty under international human rights law.
-
E.
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that extends the Convention’s protections by prohibiting imprisonment for debt, safeguarding freedom of movement, and banning collective expulsion of aliens.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
UN human rights document
ⓘ
authoritative interpretation ⓘ general comment ⓘ |
| addresses |
assessment of risk of torture in destination country
ⓘ
obligations of non-refoulement in the context of asylum and migration ⓘ procedural safeguards in removal, expulsion and extradition proceedings ⓘ |
| adoptedBy | Committee against Torture ⓘ |
| affirms |
that States must proactively investigate possible risk factors
ⓘ
that non-refoulement under article 3 is complementary to other international refugee and human rights protections ⓘ that the burden of proof is shared between the individual and the State in assessing risk of torture ⓘ |
| aimsTo | ensure that no person is returned to a country where they face a real risk of torture ⓘ |
| appliesTo | States parties to the Convention against Torture ⓘ |
| clarifies |
obligations of States parties to prevent refoulement
ⓘ
scope of protection against return to risk of torture ⓘ that diplomatic assurances cannot be used to circumvent the prohibition of refoulement to risk of torture ⓘ that non-refoulement applies irrespective of the person’s conduct or alleged danger to the community ⓘ that non-refoulement obligations apply to all forms of removal, including expulsion, deportation and extradition ⓘ that non-refoulement obligations apply to any territory under a State party’s jurisdiction or effective control ⓘ |
| emphasizes |
absolute nature of the prohibition of torture
ⓘ
individualized assessment of risk ⓘ need for effective remedies with suspensive effect ⓘ non-derogable character of the non-refoulement obligation under article 3 ⓘ |
| focusesOn | principle of non-refoulement ⓘ |
| interprets | article 3 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ⓘ |
| issuedBy | Committee against Torture ⓘ |
| language |
English
ⓘ
French ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalStatus | non-binding but authoritative interpretation ⓘ |
| linkedTo |
1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
ⓘ
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ⓘ jurisprudence of the Committee against Torture ⓘ |
| objective |
to guide States in implementing article 3 of the Convention against Torture
ⓘ
to strengthen protection against torture in the context of migration and removal ⓘ |
| publishedBy | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights ⓘ |
| relatedTo | Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ⓘ |
| requires |
access to legal assistance for individuals facing removal
ⓘ
fair and transparent procedures in removal decisions ⓘ independent and impartial review of removal decisions ⓘ opportunity to present arguments and evidence against removal ⓘ that appeals against removal have suspensive effect ⓘ |
| setsOut |
criteria for evaluating substantial grounds for believing a person would be in danger of torture
ⓘ
factors to be considered in assessing general human rights situation in the receiving State ⓘ obligations to collect and consider relevant, up-to-date and reliable information on the destination country ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | non-refoulement and protection against torture in removal proceedings ⓘ |
| usedBy |
States parties in interpreting their obligations under article 3
ⓘ
courts and tribunals in assessing non-refoulement claims ⓘ lawyers and human rights defenders in litigation and advocacy ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention Description of subject: General Comment No. 4 on article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretation by the UN Committee against Torture clarifying states’ obligations to prevent refoulement and protect individuals from being returned to countries where they risk torture.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.