Zinin reduction
E193604
Zinin reduction is an organic chemistry reaction that converts nitro compounds into amines using sulfide-based reducing agents, named after Russian chemist Nikolai Zinin.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Zinin reduction canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1709830 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zinin reduction Context triple: [Nikolai Zinin, hasNotableConcept, Zinin reduction]
-
A.
Phosphoros
Phosphoros is an epithet meaning “light-bringer,” associated with Hecate in her aspect as a luminous, guiding deity linked to the appearance of the morning star.
-
B.
Tykocin
Tykocin is a historic town in northeastern Poland known for its well-preserved Jewish heritage, baroque architecture, and role in Polish royal and noble history.
-
C.
Fremulon
Fremulon is a television production company founded by Michael Schur, best known for producing acclaimed comedy series such as Brooklyn Nine-Nine.
-
D.
Zaitsev
Zaitsev is a common Russian surname borne by numerous notable figures, including the famed Soviet World War II sniper Vasily Zaitsev.
-
E.
Boric
Boric is the surname of Gabriel Boric, the Chilean politician who became one of the world’s youngest heads of state when he was elected President of Chile.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zinin reduction Target entity description: Zinin reduction is an organic chemistry reaction that converts nitro compounds into amines using sulfide-based reducing agents, named after Russian chemist Nikolai Zinin.
-
A.
Phosphoros
Phosphoros is an epithet meaning “light-bringer,” associated with Hecate in her aspect as a luminous, guiding deity linked to the appearance of the morning star.
-
B.
Tykocin
Tykocin is a historic town in northeastern Poland known for its well-preserved Jewish heritage, baroque architecture, and role in Polish royal and noble history.
-
C.
Fremulon
Fremulon is a television production company founded by Michael Schur, best known for producing acclaimed comedy series such as Brooklyn Nine-Nine.
-
D.
Zaitsev
Zaitsev is a common Russian surname borne by numerous notable figures, including the famed Soviet World War II sniper Vasily Zaitsev.
-
E.
Boric
Boric is the surname of Gabriel Boric, the Chilean politician who became one of the world’s youngest heads of state when he was elected President of Chile.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
named reaction in organic chemistry
ⓘ
organic redox reaction ⓘ |
| alternativeTo |
catalytic hydrogenation of nitro compounds
ⓘ
iron–acid reduction of nitro compounds ⓘ |
| application |
laboratory synthesis of aromatic amines
ⓘ
preparation of intermediates for dyes ⓘ preparation of intermediates for pharmaceuticals ⓘ |
| byproduct |
elemental sulfur
ⓘ
sulfate or thiosulfate salts ⓘ |
| classification |
heterogeneous organic reaction
ⓘ
sulfur-based reduction ⓘ |
| commonReagent |
ammonium sulfide
ⓘ
hydrogen sulfide in basic solution ⓘ polysulfides ⓘ sodium sulfide ⓘ |
| converts |
aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines
ⓘ
nitroarenes to anilines ⓘ nitrobenzene to aniline ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Nikolai Zinin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveryCountry | Russian Empire ⓘ |
| electronSource | sulfide ion ⓘ |
| field |
organic chemistry
ⓘ
synthetic organic chemistry ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
contributed to the development of the aniline dye industry
ⓘ
one of the earliest methods for preparation of aniline ⓘ |
| mechanism |
involves electron transfer from sulfide to nitro group
ⓘ
proceeds through formation of sulfur-containing intermediates ⓘ stepwise reduction of nitro group via nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Nikolai Zinin NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| product | primary aromatic amines ⓘ |
| reactionType | reduction of nitro compounds ⓘ |
| reagentType | sulfide-based reducing agents ⓘ |
| relatedReaction |
Bechamp reduction
ⓘ
catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes ⓘ |
| safetyConsideration |
generates malodorous sulfur-containing byproducts
ⓘ
uses toxic hydrogen sulfide or sulfide salts ⓘ |
| selectivity |
generally preserves other reducible groups less reactive than nitro under these conditions
ⓘ
selective for nitro group reduction ⓘ |
| stoichiometry | requires multiple equivalents of sulfide per nitro group reduced ⓘ |
| substrate |
nitrobenzene
ⓘ
other aromatic nitro compounds ⓘ substituted nitrobenzenes ⓘ |
| typicalConditions |
basic pH
ⓘ
reflux temperature ⓘ |
| typicalMedium |
alkaline aqueous solution
ⓘ
basic ethanol–water mixtures ⓘ |
| usedFor | conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline without metal catalysts ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Zinin reduction Description of subject: Zinin reduction is an organic chemistry reaction that converts nitro compounds into amines using sulfide-based reducing agents, named after Russian chemist Nikolai Zinin.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Zinin