Julian calendar

E15636

The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.

AI illustration

How this image was made

AI-generated illustration of Julian calendar

This AI-generated illustration was produced by black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev (1024x1024) from a prompt written by openai/gpt-oss-120b from the entity's label + description.

Prompt

Generate an image of the Julian calendar (The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.)

All labels observed (31)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (54)

Predicate Object
instanceOf calendar system ⓘ
solar calendar ⓘ
averageYearLengthDays 365.25 ⓘ
basisOf Revised Julian calendar ⓘ
calendarType solar ⓘ
definesFeastDate Orthodox Christmas (for churches on Julian calendar) ⓘ
linked to: Coptic Christmas

Orthodox Epiphany (for churches on Julian calendar) ⓘ
Orthodox fixed feasts ⓘ
designedToApproximate tropical year ⓘ
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn18thCentury 11 ⓘ
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn19thCentury 12 ⓘ
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn20th21stCenturies 13 ⓘ
driftPerCenturyRelativeToTropicalYearDays 0.78 ⓘ
driftPerYearRelativeToTropicalYearDays 0.0078 ⓘ
epochDefinition 1 January 45 BCE (proleptic) as first day of reformed calendar ⓘ
februaryLengthCommonYearDays 28 ⓘ
februaryLengthLeapYearDays 29 ⓘ
follows Roman calendar ⓘ
influenced Gregorian calendar reform ⓘ
introducedBy Julius Caesar ⓘ
introducedInRegion Roman Republic ⓘ
introducedInYear 45 BCE ⓘ
leapDayPlacement February ⓘ
leapYearCycleYears 4 ⓘ
monthCount 12 ⓘ
monthLengthPattern alternating 31-30 days with exceptions for February ⓘ
namedAfter Julius Caesar ⓘ
replaced Roman Republican calendar ⓘ
linked to: Roman calendar
replacedBy Gregorian calendar ⓘ
standardizedWeekLengthDays 7 ⓘ
stillUsedFor liturgical purposes ⓘ
usedByReligiousGroup Eastern Catholic churches (some) ⓘ
Eastern Orthodox Church ⓘ
Oriental Orthodox churches (some) ⓘ
linked to: Oriental Orthodoxy
usedHistoricallyIn Byzantine Empire ⓘ
Europe ⓘ
Roman Empire ⓘ
Russia ⓘ
Scandinavia ⓘ
Spanish Empire ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ
usesLeapYearRule one leap day every four years ⓘ
usesMonths April ⓘ
August ⓘ
December ⓘ
February ⓘ
January ⓘ
July ⓘ
June ⓘ
March ⓘ
May ⓘ
November ⓘ
October ⓘ
September ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (162)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Good Friday → calendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Gregorian calendar (Western churches) → contrastedWith → Julian calendar (Eastern churches) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Byzantine Rite → calendarSystem → Julian calendar ⓘ
Saint Nicholas Day → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
April → usedIn → Julian calendar ⓘ
Western Roman Empire → usedCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Serbian Orthodox Church → usesCalendar → Julian calendar (for liturgical feasts) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Russian Orthodox Church → usesCalendar → Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Antiochian Orthodox Church → followsCalendar → Julian calendar (in some jurisdictions) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Orthodox Church of Alexandria → usesCalendar → Julian calendar (liturgical) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Orthodox Church of Cyprus → usesCalendar → Julian calendar (for Pascha calculation) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Easter Monday → calendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Orthodox Church in America → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Revised Julian calendar → moreAccurateThan → Julian calendar ⓘ
Inter gravissimas → replacedSystem → Julian calendar ⓘ
subject linked to: papal bull Inter gravissimas
November → usedInCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Julius Caesar → knownFor → Julian calendar ⓘ
Julius Caesar → introduced → Julian calendar ⓘ
St. Anne Skete → followsCalendar → Julian calendar (Old Calendar) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Ethiopian calendar → influencedBy → Julian calendar ⓘ
Esphigmenou Monastery → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Vatopedi Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar (Old Calendar) for liturgical purposes ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Karakallou Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar (Old Calendar) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Coptic calendar → alignedHistoricallyWith → Julian calendar ⓘ
St. Panteleimon Monastery → observes → Julian calendar ⓘ
Coptic Christmas → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Xeropotamou Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar (Old Calendar) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Gagauz → primaryChristianCalendar → Julian calendar (religious use) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Great Lavra → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
December → partOf → Julian calendar ⓘ
Early Middle Ages → usedCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Zograf Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Konstamonitou Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar (Old Calendar) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Eastern Christianity → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Braintree, Province of Massachusetts Bay → usedCalendar → Julian calendar (Old Style) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
September → partOf → Julian calendar ⓘ
Julius → linkedTo → Julian calendar (via Gaius Julius Caesar) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia → usesCalendar → Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Eritrean Catholic Church → usesCalendar → Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many communities) ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar
Common Era → usedInCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ
Common Era → relatedConcept → Julian calendar reform ⓘ
linked to: Julian calendar