Julian calendar

E15636

The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.

All labels observed (21)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (54)

Predicate Object
instanceOf calendar system
solar calendar
averageYearLengthDays 365.25
basisOf Revised Julian calendar
calendarType solar
definesFeastDate Orthodox Christmas (for churches on Julian calendar)
linked to: Coptic Christmas

Orthodox Epiphany (for churches on Julian calendar)
Orthodox fixed feasts
designedToApproximate tropical year
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn18thCentury 11
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn19thCentury 12
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn20th21stCenturies 13
driftPerCenturyRelativeToTropicalYearDays 0.78
driftPerYearRelativeToTropicalYearDays 0.0078
epochDefinition 1 January 45 BCE (proleptic) as first day of reformed calendar
februaryLengthCommonYearDays 28
februaryLengthLeapYearDays 29
follows Roman calendar
influenced Gregorian calendar reform
introducedBy Julius Caesar
introducedInRegion Roman Republic
introducedInYear 45 BCE
leapDayPlacement February
leapYearCycleYears 4
monthCount 12
monthLengthPattern alternating 31-30 days with exceptions for February
namedAfter Julius Caesar
replaced Roman Republican calendar
linked to: Roman calendar
replacedBy Gregorian calendar
standardizedWeekLengthDays 7
stillUsedFor liturgical purposes
usedByReligiousGroup Eastern Catholic churches (some)
Eastern Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodox churches (some)
linked to: Oriental Orthodoxy
usedHistoricallyIn Byzantine Empire
Europe
Roman Empire
Russia
Scandinavia
Spanish Empire
United Kingdom
usesLeapYearRule one leap day every four years
usesMonths April
August
December
February
January
July
June
March
May
November
October
September

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (99)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Good Friday calendar Julian calendar
Gregorian calendar (Western churches) contrastedWith Julian calendar (Eastern churches)
linked to: Julian calendar
Byzantine Rite calendarSystem Julian calendar
Saint Nicholas Day followsCalendar Julian calendar
April usedIn Julian calendar
Western Roman Empire usedCalendar Julian calendar
Serbian Orthodox Church usesCalendar Julian calendar (for liturgical feasts)
linked to: Julian calendar
Russian Orthodox Church usesCalendar Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes)
linked to: Julian calendar
Antiochian Orthodox Church followsCalendar Julian calendar (in some jurisdictions)
linked to: Julian calendar
Orthodox Church of Alexandria usesCalendar Julian calendar (liturgical)
linked to: Julian calendar
Orthodox Church of Cyprus usesCalendar Julian calendar (for Pascha calculation)
linked to: Julian calendar
Easter Monday calendar Julian calendar
Orthodox Church in America usesCalendar Julian calendar
Revised Julian calendar moreAccurateThan Julian calendar
Inter gravissimas replacedSystem Julian calendar
subject linked to: papal bull Inter gravissimas
November usedInCalendar Julian calendar
Julius Caesar knownFor Julian calendar
Julius Caesar introduced Julian calendar
St. Anne Skete followsCalendar Julian calendar (Old Calendar)
linked to: Julian calendar
Ethiopian calendar influencedBy Julian calendar
Esphigmenou Monastery usesCalendar Julian calendar
Vatopedi Monastery followsCalendar Julian calendar (Old Calendar) for liturgical purposes
linked to: Julian calendar
Karakallou Monastery followsCalendar Julian calendar (Old Calendar)
linked to: Julian calendar
Coptic calendar alignedHistoricallyWith Julian calendar
St. Panteleimon Monastery observes Julian calendar
Coptic Christmas followsCalendar Julian calendar
Xeropotamou Monastery followsCalendar Julian calendar (Old Calendar)
linked to: Julian calendar
Gagauz primaryChristianCalendar Julian calendar (religious use)
linked to: Julian calendar
Great Lavra followsCalendar Julian calendar
December partOf Julian calendar
Early Middle Ages usedCalendar Julian calendar
Zograf Monastery followsCalendar Julian calendar
Konstamonitou Monastery followsCalendar Julian calendar (Old Calendar)
linked to: Julian calendar
Eastern Christianity usesCalendar Julian calendar
Braintree, Province of Massachusetts Bay usedCalendar Julian calendar (Old Style)
linked to: Julian calendar
September partOf Julian calendar
Julius linkedTo Julian calendar (via Gaius Julius Caesar)
linked to: Julian calendar
Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia usesCalendar Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes)
linked to: Julian calendar
Eritrean Catholic Church usesCalendar Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many communities)
linked to: Julian calendar
Common Era usedInCalendar Julian calendar
Common Era relatedConcept Julian calendar reform
linked to: Julian calendar