Mughal legal system

E148306

The Mughal legal system was the judicial framework of the Mughal Empire, combining Islamic jurisprudence—primarily Hanafi fiqh—with imperial edicts and local customs to govern its diverse population.

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Mughal legal system canonical 1

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Predicate Object
instanceOf judicial framework
legal system
appliedIn Mughal Empire
appliedTo Muslim subjects
non-Muslim subjects
basedOn Hanafi fiqh
linked to: Hanafi school

Islamic law
codificationPatron Aurangzeb
codifiedIn Fatawa-i Alamgiri
linked to: Fatawa-e-Alamgiri
developedUnder Akbar
Aurangzeb
Jahangir
Shah Jahan
featuredPrinciple combination of sharīʿa and qānūn
discretionary justice by the emperor
geographicScope North India
linked to: northern India

parts of Central India
parts of Deccan
parts of Eastern India
hadCourtLevel district courts
imperial court
local courts
provincial courts
hadJudicialOfficer kotwal
mir adl
mufti
qazi
linked to: qadis

sadr
handledMatter civil law
commercial disputes
criminal law
family law
property disputes
incorporated imperial edicts
local customs
influenced early colonial legal administration in India
later Indo-Islamic legal practice
languageOfRecord Persian
legalSchool Hanafi
linked to: Hanafi school
recognizedCommunityLaw Hindu personal law
customary law of various castes
tribal customs
religiousFoundation Sunni Islam
timePeriod 16th century
17th century
18th century
ultimateAuthority Mughal emperor
usedInstrument farmans
qānūn (secular regulations)
royal decrees
sharīʿa (Islamic law)
linked to: Sharia

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Hanafi school influenced Mughal legal system