progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
E133122
demyelinating disease
neurological disorder
opportunistic infection
viral disease
white matter disease
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, often fatal demyelinating brain disease caused by reactivation of the JC virus in immunocompromised individuals, leading to rapidly progressive neurological decline.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1172132 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Context triple: [Tysabri, blackBoxWarningFor, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]
-
A.
relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is the most common form of multiple sclerosis, characterized by clearly defined attacks of neurological symptoms followed by periods of partial or complete recovery.
-
B.
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans caused by infection with Ebola virus, characterized by fever, hemorrhaging, and organ failure, and known for causing major outbreaks such as the 2014–2016 West Africa epidemic.
-
C.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
D.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
E.
rVSV-ZEBOV
rVSV-ZEBOV is an experimental recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine developed to protect humans against infection by the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Target entity description: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, often fatal demyelinating brain disease caused by reactivation of the JC virus in immunocompromised individuals, leading to rapidly progressive neurological decline.
-
A.
relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is the most common form of multiple sclerosis, characterized by clearly defined attacks of neurological symptoms followed by periods of partial or complete recovery.
-
B.
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans caused by infection with Ebola virus, characterized by fever, hemorrhaging, and organ failure, and known for causing major outbreaks such as the 2014–2016 West Africa epidemic.
-
C.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
D.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
E.
rVSV-ZEBOV
rVSV-ZEBOV is an experimental recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine developed to protect humans against infection by the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (58)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
demyelinating disease
ⓘ
neurological disorder ⓘ opportunistic infection ⓘ viral disease ⓘ white matter disease ⓘ |
| affects |
brain white matter
ⓘ
brainstem ⓘ cerebellum ⓘ cerebral hemispheres ⓘ oligodendrocytes ⓘ |
| cause |
aphasia
ⓘ
ataxia ⓘ cognitive impairment ⓘ demyelination of central nervous system white matter ⓘ focal neurological deficits ⓘ motor weakness ⓘ progressive neurological decline ⓘ seizures ⓘ visual disturbances ⓘ |
| diagnosedBy |
PCR for JC virus
ⓘ
brain MRI ⓘ brain biopsy ⓘ detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid ⓘ |
| epidemiology |
occurs predominantly in immunocompromised individuals
ⓘ
rare disease ⓘ |
| hasCause |
AIDS
ⓘ
linked to:
HIV/AIDS
HIV infection ⓘ
linked to:
HIV/AIDS
chronic corticosteroid use ⓘ hematologic malignancy ⓘ immunosuppressive therapy ⓘ infection with JC polyomavirus ⓘ natalizumab therapy ⓘ organ transplantation ⓘ other monoclonal antibody therapies ⓘ reactivation of JC virus ⓘ rituximab therapy ⓘ severe immunosuppression ⓘ |
| hasCourse |
multifocal lesions in the brain
ⓘ
rapidly progressive ⓘ |
| hasHistopathology |
demyelination with enlarged oligodendrocyte nuclei
ⓘ
presence of viral inclusions in oligodendrocytes ⓘ |
| hasImagingFinding |
lesions without mass effect
ⓘ
non-enhancing white matter lesions on MRI ⓘ |
| hasPathogen |
JC virus
ⓘ
John Cunningham virus ⓘ |
| hasPrognosis |
high mortality rate
ⓘ
often fatal ⓘ poor prognosis without immune reconstitution ⓘ |
| hasSymptom |
dysarthria
ⓘ
gait disturbance ⓘ hemianopia ⓘ hemiparesis ⓘ memory loss ⓘ personality changes ⓘ subacute onset of neurological deficits ⓘ |
| treatedBy |
antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients
ⓘ
discontinuation of causative immunosuppressive drugs ⓘ restoration of immune function ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Description of subject: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, often fatal demyelinating brain disease caused by reactivation of the JC virus in immunocompromised individuals, leading to rapidly progressive neurological decline.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.